ATI COMPREHENSIVE EXIT EXAM (NGN ATI) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. Treat first any immediate threats to a patient's survival or safety. Ex. obstructed airway, loss of consciousness, psychological episode or anxiety attack. ABC's. 2. Next, treat actual problems. Ex. nausea, full bowel or bladder, comfort measures. 3. Then, treat relatively urgent actual or potential problems that the patient or family does not recognize. Ex. Monitoring for post-op complications, anticipating teaching needs of a patient that may be unaware of side effects of meds. 4. Lastly, treat actual or potential problems where help may be needed in the future. Ex Teaching for self-care in the home. Here are some great principles to help you as you prioritize: Systemic before local Acute before chronic Actual before potential Listen don't assume Recognize first then apply clinical knowledge Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Prioritize according to Maslow with physiological and safety issues before psychological esteem issues. Variant angina (Prinzmetal's angina) Due to a coronary artery spasm, oftening occurring during periods of rest. Unstable angina Occurs with exercise or emotional stress, but it increases in occurrence, severity, and duration over time. Stable angina Occurs with exercise or emotional stress and is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin (Nitrostat). electrolyte imbalance manifestations: hypocakelmia-- flat T waves on ECG hypercalcemia-- decreased deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) hypocalcemia-- tetany hyperkalemia-- tall peaked T waves on ECG Addison's disease Decreased aldosterone and renin Hypothyroidism Decreased triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine Cushing's disease Elevated cortisol Diabetes Insipidus (DI) Decreased urine specific gravity Diabetes melitus Elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Increased urine osmolality Cataract Progressive and painless loss of vision Angle-closure glaucoma Rapid onset of elevated IOP macular degeneration Central loss of vision Open-angle galucoma Loss of peripheral vision Retinal detachment Sudden loss of vision without pain Common disease's manifestations Cholecystitis-- Murphy's sign Pancreatitis-- Turner's sign Peptic Ulcer Disease-- Upper epigastric pain 1-2 hours after meals Appendicits-- Pain at McBurney's point Decorticate Decerebrate Hepatitis disease transmissions Hepatitis A-- Ingestions o contaminated food/water Hepatitis B-- Unprotected sexual contact Nonviral Hepatits-- Drug toxicity