NUR631 Comprehensive Exam 2 2024

Where do we hold DNA inside the cell? - Nucleus What is it called when cell's commit suicide/programmed cell death? - Apoptosis In carbon monoxide poisoning, what would we see and why? - Tissue damage d/t CO binding on hemoglobin preventing oxygen from being able to bind to those sites, preventing tissue oxygenation If ph is LOW, Bicarb is HIGH and CO2 is HIGH what condition do we have? - Respiratory acidosis How do molecules get intracellular or extracellular? - Water molecules via osmosis, other molecules via hydrostatic pressure If a patient is vomiting a lot, what would they develop and why? - Metabolic alkalosis - they are losing all gastric acid contents and holding onto bicarb To exam for neural tube defects in an amniocentesis, what are we looking at? - Alpha fetal protein Why would a newborn have type 1 DM? What kind of condition is it? - Autoimmune disorder What symptoms will someone with Trisomy 21 have? - Wide eyes, webbed neck, short stature, flat low-set ears, low nasal bridge, IQ <70 What gene is responsible for the maintenance of all other cells? - Housekeeping genes If a patient comes in with chronic wounds that aren't healing, what are we thinking about? - Diabetes - some underlying condition preventing proper wound healing If a newborn does not have enough collectin proteins what kind of infection would they develop? - A respiratory infection - pneumonia Where do B Lymphocytes grow and mature? - Bone marrow If someone gets a vaccination or gets chicken pox from someone else, what kind of immunity do they have? - Active-acquired immunity Why do we give rhogam? - To prevent hemolytic anema - given to Rh negative mom with Rh positive baby Why does someone have rejection occur after an organ transplant? - T helper cells release cytokines, cytotoxins attack endothelial cells and cause tissue damage What is happening at a cellular level in a type II sensitivity reaction? - Antibodies bind antigens on the cell surface What is an exotoxin? - This is released by bacteria and causes you to get sick What cells fight fungal infections? - Phagocytes, T lymphocytes Why is it that when you are stressed you are more at risk to get sick? - Cortisol increases and causes T helper cells to be suppressed (cortisol suppresses T1 cell) Severely stressed patient - what will we see in lab work? - Hypoglycemia What happens if we've got cellular metabolism that is just not working right - what will happen? - Filled up with waste Least likely interleukin to stimulate endothelial proinflammatory stage? - IL4