IB SEHS Exam Prep questions and 100% correct
answers
1). Long bones
Ans: longer than they are wide, long cylindrical shaft, ends are enlarged, includes the
femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges
2). Short bones
Ans: small, cube-shaped, usually articulate with more than one bone, includes the
tarsals and carpals
3). Flat bones
Ans: curved surfaces, large area for muscles to attach, provide protection, can be very
thick/thin, includes the ribs, scapula, sternum
4). Sesamoid bones
Ans: short bones embedded into tendon, places of high pressure, include the patella
(patella tendon/knee), and a set of smaller bones near the metatarsals
5). Irregular bones
Ans: specialized shapes and functions, include the coccyx, sacrum, mandible, and
vertebrae
6). Axial skeleton
Ans: central part of the skeleton, axis, contains 80 bones, includes the skull, ribs,
sternum, vertebral column, mainly functions to protect
7). Appendicular skeleton
Ans: bones built off of the axis, 126 bones, used for movement, energy storage,
muscle attachment, calcium/phosphorous storage
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, 8). Articulate
Ans: to form a joint
9). Tendon
Ans: connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
10). Ligament
Ans: connective tissue that connects bone to bone
11). Cartilage
Ans: reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects bones, layer of strong protective tissue
12). Posterior
Ans: behind
13). Anterior
Ans: in front of
14). Medial
Ans: near the midline
15). Lateral
Ans: far from the midline, towards the sides
16). Inferior
Ans: below
17). Superior
Ans: above
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, 18). Articular cartilage
Ans: cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where bones meet to form joints
19). Synovial membrane
Ans: membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
20). Synovial fluid
Ans: joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces friction, provides nutrients to
the cartilage
21). Bursae
Ans: fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones meet, or skin/bone
meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
22). Meniscus
Ans: cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some bones, particularly
when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
23). Articular capsule
Ans: sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but protects from dislocation, fibers
protect joint
24). Proximal
Ans: closer to the center of the body/attachment point
25). Distal
Ans: farther from the center of the body/attachment point
26). Epiphysis
Ans: the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis, distal=farther from the
body's axis)
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, 27). Order of vertebrae bones
Ans: cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5), coccygeal (4)
28). Spongy bone
Ans: (found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates, reduced weight, tissue
with branching and interconnected spaces, also called cancellous bone, storage center
of red bone marrow
29). Diaphysis
Ans: long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the medullary/marrow
cavity
30). Compact bone
Ans: tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense, homogenous, strong
31). Marrow cavity
Ans: also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow is stored (in diaphysis)
32). Bone marrow
Ans: tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
33). Periosteum
Ans: thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important for growth, repair,
nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
34). Fibrous joint
Ans: joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of two bones,
continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures between the
parts of the skull
35). Cartilaginous joint
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answers
1). Long bones
Ans: longer than they are wide, long cylindrical shaft, ends are enlarged, includes the
femur, humerus, metatarsals, and phalanges
2). Short bones
Ans: small, cube-shaped, usually articulate with more than one bone, includes the
tarsals and carpals
3). Flat bones
Ans: curved surfaces, large area for muscles to attach, provide protection, can be very
thick/thin, includes the ribs, scapula, sternum
4). Sesamoid bones
Ans: short bones embedded into tendon, places of high pressure, include the patella
(patella tendon/knee), and a set of smaller bones near the metatarsals
5). Irregular bones
Ans: specialized shapes and functions, include the coccyx, sacrum, mandible, and
vertebrae
6). Axial skeleton
Ans: central part of the skeleton, axis, contains 80 bones, includes the skull, ribs,
sternum, vertebral column, mainly functions to protect
7). Appendicular skeleton
Ans: bones built off of the axis, 126 bones, used for movement, energy storage,
muscle attachment, calcium/phosphorous storage
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, 8). Articulate
Ans: to form a joint
9). Tendon
Ans: connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
10). Ligament
Ans: connective tissue that connects bone to bone
11). Cartilage
Ans: reduces friction, absorbs shock, protects bones, layer of strong protective tissue
12). Posterior
Ans: behind
13). Anterior
Ans: in front of
14). Medial
Ans: near the midline
15). Lateral
Ans: far from the midline, towards the sides
16). Inferior
Ans: below
17). Superior
Ans: above
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, 18). Articular cartilage
Ans: cartilage that reduces friction, absorbs shock where bones meet to form joints
19). Synovial membrane
Ans: membrane that secretes fluid into joint cavity
20). Synovial fluid
Ans: joint lubricant, very fluid with movement, reduces friction, provides nutrients to
the cartilage
21). Bursae
Ans: fluid-filled sacs, where bone/ligaments meet, tendons/bones meet, or skin/bone
meet, lined by synovial membrane, reduces friction
22). Meniscus
Ans: cushion-like fibrocartilage disk that is found between some bones, particularly
when they don't fit well, semi-lunar disk
23). Articular capsule
Ans: sleeve-like structure, allows joint movement but protects from dislocation, fibers
protect joint
24). Proximal
Ans: closer to the center of the body/attachment point
25). Distal
Ans: farther from the center of the body/attachment point
26). Epiphysis
Ans: the ending of the bone (proximal=closer to body's axis, distal=farther from the
body's axis)
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, 27). Order of vertebrae bones
Ans: cervical(7), thoracic(12), lumbar(5), sacral(5), coccygeal (4)
28). Spongy bone
Ans: (found primarily in the epiphyses), branching, bony plates, reduced weight, tissue
with branching and interconnected spaces, also called cancellous bone, storage center
of red bone marrow
29). Diaphysis
Ans: long shaft of the bone, made of compact bone, encloses the medullary/marrow
cavity
30). Compact bone
Ans: tightly packed tissue, resists bending, solid, dense, homogenous, strong
31). Marrow cavity
Ans: also called medullary cavity, where yellow bone marrow is stored (in diaphysis)
32). Bone marrow
Ans: tissue that produces either blood cells, or stores lipids
33). Periosteum
Ans: thin, shiny white membrane, outer lining of bone, important for growth, repair,
nutrition, and ligament/tendon attachment
34). Fibrous joint
Ans: joint that has a layer of fibrous tissue connects the edges of two bones,
continuous with the periosteum, no movement allowed, as in the sutures between the
parts of the skull
35). Cartilaginous joint
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