ADVANCED TRAUMA AND LIFE SUPPORT
(ATLS) EXAM 2024 LATEST (VERSION 1) |
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to those for the younger
population, data shows increased mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults.
{{Correct Ans- True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological reserve?
{{Correct Ans- aging is characterized by impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that
caused an increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by the younger
population can lead to devastating results in elderly patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include:
{{Correct Ans- cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD, ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly?
{{Correct Ans- Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in women and fractures are common in women who fall.
Falls are the most common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls?
{{Correct Ans- advanced age, physical impairment, history of previous fall, medication use,
dementia, unsteady gait, and visual, cognitive impairment
Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on weekends and typically involve
other vehicles. Why?
{{Correct Ans- Older people drive on more familiar roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive
during the day. Older people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical
mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized burns in older adults remains
high {{Correct Ans- True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re -epithelialize due to an adequate
number of hair follicles, will result in a full thickness burn in older patients.
{{Correct Ans- this is true
,Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If dentures are
not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what?
{{Correct Ans- bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
, When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos, barbiturates, and other
sedatives should be reduced to what percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular
depression? {{Correct Ans- 20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased sensitivity to
catecholamines, atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) {{Correct Ans- this results in lack of classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac
ischemia, elevated BP at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil, reduced residual
capacity, decreased gas exchange and decreased cough reflex
{{Correct Ans- thus they are at increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for pneumonia,
and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass, decreased GFR, and decreased
sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone
{{Correct Ans- resulting in drug dosing for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate
urine, increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass, osteoporosis, changes in joints and
cartilage, c spine degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous fat
{{Correct Ans- resulting in increased risk for fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral
intubation, risk of skin injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased production and response to thyroxin
and decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
{{Correct Ans- resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative hypercortisone states and increased
risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine. Patients can have multilevel
degenerative changes affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with severe central
canal stenosis, cord compression, and myelomalacia
{{Correct Ans- true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a gauze betwee n gums
and cheek to achieve seal when using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging
causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia......
{{Correct Ans- respiratory failure may present insidiously in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at significant
risk for being inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable.
(ATLS) EXAM 2024 LATEST (VERSION 1) |
ACTUAL EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
RATED A+
True or false? Although the mechanism of injury may be similar to those for the younger
population, data shows increased mortality with similar severity of injury in older adults.
{{Correct Ans- True
In the elderly population, what is decreased physiological reserve?
{{Correct Ans- aging is characterized by impaired adaptive and homeostatic mechanisms that
caused an increased susceptibility to the stress of injury. Insults tolerated by the younger
population can lead to devastating results in elderly patients.
Pre-existing conditions that affect morbidity and mortality include:
{{Correct Ans- cirrhosis, coagulopathy, COPD, ischemic heart disease, DM
What is the most common mechanism of injury in the elderly?
{{Correct Ans- Fall. Nonfatal falls are common in women and fractures are common in women who fall.
Falls are the most common cause of TBI.
In the elderly population, what are risk factors for falls?
{{Correct Ans- advanced age, physical impairment, history of previous fall, medication use,
dementia, unsteady gait, and visual, cognitive impairment
Most of elderly traffic fatalities occur in the daytime and on weekends and typically involve
other vehicles. Why?
{{Correct Ans- Older people drive on more familiar roads and at lower speeds and tend to drive
during the day. Older people have slower reaction time, a larger blind spot, limited cervical
mobility, decreased hearing, and cognitive impairment.
True or False? Mortality associated with small to moderate sized burns in older adults remains
high {{Correct Ans- True
Spilled hot liquids on the leg, which in younger patients may re -epithelialize due to an adequate
number of hair follicles, will result in a full thickness burn in older patients.
{{Correct Ans- this is true
,Airway-patients may have dentures that may loosen or obstruct the airway. If dentures are
not obstructing the airway, leave them in place for what?
{{Correct Ans- bag mask ventilation, as it improves mask fitting.
, When preforming rapid sequence intubation, the dose of benzos, barbiturates, and other
sedatives should be reduced to what percentage to minimize the risk of cardiovascular
depression? {{Correct Ans- 20-40%
Functional changes in cardiac system include declining function, decreased sensitivity to
catecholamines, atherosclerosis of coronary vessels, increased afterload, fixed heart rate (beta
blockers) {{Correct Ans- this results in lack of classic response to hypovolemia, risk for cardiac
ischemia, elevated BP at baseline, and increased risk of dysrythmias.
Functional changes in pulmonary system include decreased elastic recoil, reduced residual
capacity, decreased gas exchange and decreased cough reflex
{{Correct Ans- thus they are at increased risk for respiratory failure, increased risk for pneumonia,
and poor tolerance to rib fractures
Functional changes in renal system include loss of renal mass, decreased GFR, and decreased
sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone
{{Correct Ans- resulting in drug dosing for renal insufficiency, decreased ability to concentrate
urine, increased risk for AKI and urine flow may be normal with hypovolemia
Functional changes to MSK include loss of lean body mass, osteoporosis, changes in joints and
cartilage, c spine degenerative changes and loss of skin elastin and subcutaneous fat
{{Correct Ans- resulting in increased risk for fractures, decreased mobility, difficulty for oral
intubation, risk of skin injury, increased risk for hypothermia, challenges in rehabiliation
Functional changes in Endocrine system include decreased production and response to thyroxin
and decreased dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
{{Correct Ans- resulting in occult hypothyroidism, relative hypercortisone states and increased
risk of infection
True or false: Arthritis can complicate the airway and cervical spine. Patients can have multilevel
degenerative changes affecting disk spaces and posterior elements associated with severe central
canal stenosis, cord compression, and myelomalacia
{{Correct Ans- true
In elderly population, due to their changes in pulmonary system, placing a gauze betwee n gums
and cheek to achieve seal when using bag valve mask ventilation is okay. In addition, because aging
causes a suppressed heart rate response to hypoxia......
{{Correct Ans- respiratory failure may present insidiously in older adults.
Age related changes in the cardiovascular system place the elderly trauma patient at significant
risk for being inaccurately categorized as hemodynamically stable.
