HSC 404 Mid-term Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024, With Complete Solution.

HSC 404 Mid-term Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024, With Complete Solution. What is clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiological approach)? Description of specific signs and symptoms in a patient John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera.... was an early epidemiologist who used natural experiments. What are the aims of epidemiology (5)? -To describe the health status of the population -To explain the etiology of disease -To predict the occurrence of disease -To control the distribution of disease TRUE OR FALSE In current thinking, the term "epidemic" is used only to describe outbreaks of infectious disease. False TRUE OR FALSE The study of diseases linked to harmful physical energy, such as ionizing radiation, would be outside the scope of epidemiology. False TRUE OR FALSE John Snow is credited with developing the smallpox vaccination. False TRUE OR FALSE The epidemiological and clinical descriptions of a disease are different. True TRUE OR FALSE The episode of influenza first identified in the United States and eventually called 2009 H1N1 influenza was classified as a pandemic by WHO in summer 2009. True TRUE OR FALSE The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, pioneered research into coronary heart disease risk factors. True TRUE OR FALSE Koch published "Die Aetiologie der Tuberkulose" in 1882, a breakthrough that led to improved classification of disease by specific causal organisms. True An example of primary prevention active would be.... nutritional counseling for pregnant women An example of primary prevention passive would be... pasteurization of milk An example of secondary prevention would be... screening for breast cancer An example of tertiary prevention would be... halfway houses for persons recovering from addiction What three things should be considered in measuring long-term changes in disease frequency over time? -changes in diagnostic criteria -changes in the age distribution -changes in the fatal course of the condition According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of.... prepathogenesis The Gini index.... -is a measure of income inequality -is related to the number of unhealthy days in US states -varies across states in the US -represents complete income inequality when it is 1 -DOES NOT RANGE FROM 1-2 Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrates the trend in disease occurrence which is... a new epidemic disorder There has been an increase in the number of epidemiological studies reported in medical journals because... they interest the public and physicians are concerned with preventative medicine. What forms of prevention take place after the precursors of disease interact with the host? Secondary and tertiary A disadvantage of crude rate is that... it does not permit comparison of populations that vary in composition The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by... the incidence rate (cumulative incidence) for that disease in a given period of time The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomena? The duration of the disease is greater in women Determining workload and planning the scope of facilities and manpower needs, particularly for chronic disease, utilizes what type of data? This is a use primarily for prevalence data The fundamental tool for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic disease is... incidence data Increases and decreases in the frequency of diseases over a period of years or within each year are.... cyclic fluctuations The response of a group of people circumscribed in a place to a common etiologic factor to which they were exposed almost simultaneously is... a point epidemic An unusual aggregation of health events grouped together in space or time is...