PSY 120 Exam 3 Chapters 9-12 (Guaranteed Pass!)

The mental manipulation of knowledge and ideas correct answers Thinking Set of rules governing how symbols can be combined to convey meaning correct answers Grammar The practical knowledge used to comprehend the intentions of a speaker and to produce an effective response correct answers Pragmatics A class of objects (people, places, or things) that most people agree belong together correct answers Category The set of features necessary to make objects acceptable members of a category correct answers Defining features The core features that category members share; a given member of the category may have some but not necessarily all of these features correct answers Family resemblance The best or most representative member of a category correct answers Prototype Specific examples of category members that are stored in long term memory correct answers Exemplars The tendency to see objects, and their functions, in certain fixed and typical ways correct answers Functional fixedness Step by step rules or procedures that, if applied correctly, guarantees a problem solution correct answers Algorithms The rules of thumb we use to solve problems, can be applied quickly, but do not guarantee that a solution will be found correct answers Heuristics A problem solving heuristic that involves devising actions, or means, that reduce the distance between the current starting point and the desired end correct answers Means-end analysis A problem-solving heuristic that involves starting at the goal state and moving backward toward the starting point to see how the goal can be reached correct answers Working backward A problem-solving heuristic that involves trying to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem you have solved successfully correct answers Searching for analogies The tendency to rely on well-established strategies when attempting to solve problems correct answers Mental set The moment when a problem solution seem to pop suddenly into one's mind correct answers Insight