CPCE; Human Growth and Development Exam VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% PASS

CPCE; Human Growth and Development Exam VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 100% PASS _____ is defined as systematic changes and continuities in the individual that occur between conception and death. - ANSWER Development These systematic changes (development) occur in three broad areas: (List 3) - ANSWER Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Theories of how humans grow and develop fall into the following broad categories: (List 4) - ANSWER Learning, Cognitive, Psychoanalytic, and Humanistic Learning theories include...? (List 3) - ANSWER Behavioral, Social Learning, and Information-Processing Human growth and development can be viewed as...? (List 3 groups) - ANSWER Qualitative or quantitative, Continuous or discontinuous, and Mechanistic or Organismic Qualitative change in growth and development represents...? - ANSWER Change in structure or organization Quantitative change in growth and development represents...? - ANSWER Change in number, degree or frequency Changes are sequential and cannot be separated easily (e.g., personality development) - ANSWER Continuous Certain changes in abilities or behaviors can be separated from others which argues for stages of development (e.g., language development) - ANSWER Discontinuous This is the reduction of all behavior to common elements (e.g., instinctual, reflexive behavior) - ANSWER Mechanistic Because of new stages, there is change or discontinuity; it is more than StimulusResponse. The organism is involved including the use of cognition (e.g., moral or ethical development) - ANSWER Organismic Self-concept may be defined as...? - ANSWER Your perception of your qualities, attributes, and traits At birth, infants have no...? (Self-concept) - ANSWER Sense of self By _____ months, most infants show signs of self-recognition. - ANSWER 24 The pre-school child's self-concept is very...? - ANSWER Concrete and physical By adolescence, self-concepts (self-descriptions) become more...? _____ of selfconcept attributes continues. - ANSWER Abstract and psychological; Stabilization Includes genetic and hereditary factors - ANSWER Nature Includes learning and environmental factors - ANSWER Nurture The genetic (inherited) makeup of the individual - ANSWER Genotype The way an individual's genotype is expressed through physical and behavioral characteristics - ANSWER Phenotype John Locke's view that children begin as a "blank slate" acquiring their characteristics through experience - ANSWER Tabula rasa For most individuals lifespan development is plastic representing...? - ANSWER An easy and smooth transition from one stage to the next Resiliency - ANSWER The ability to adapt effectively despite the experience of adverse circumstances Neuroscience is sometimes referred to as the _____ _____ in the mental health professions - ANSWER Missing link Counselors, by using different theories, skills and interventions promote the release of various _____ which promote related brain changes (Neurobiology) - ANSWER Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters affect various _____, _____, _____ and _____ reactions that people to their life experiences. - ANSWER Cognitive, Emotional, Psychological, and Behavioral Neurotransmitters carry messages between _____ that stimulate reactions in the brain. - ANSWER Neurons Four principal neurotransmitters important to counselors - ANSWER Acetylcholine, Serotonin, Dopamine, and GABA Important for memory, optimal cognitive functioning, emotional balance and control (Neurotrans