NRM 1401-EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100 % CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED

Who was our most conservation minded President? - Answer-Theodore Roosevelt What is Natural Resources Management? - Answer-Art and science of the analysis, planning, direct manipulation and/or preservation and restoration of critical elements of the natural and modified world. What are some examples of natural resources? - Answer-soil, water, air, vegetation, wildlife What does the term conservation mean? What did it originally mean? - Answer-The wise use of the Earth's resources by humanity. It was originally referred to as management. Conservation became part of U.S. government policy in 1871 when what was established? - AnswerCommission of Fish and Fisheries What did the Commission of fish and fisheries later become a part of? - Answer-U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service What did Aldo Leopold have to say about conservation? - Answer-"Conservation is a state of harmony between [people] and the land." A healthy land has the "capacity for self-renewal." Conservation is "our efforts to preserve and enhance this capacity." What are reasons we discussed that conservation of natural resources is becoming increasingly urgent? - Answer-¬ Population and pollution has dramatically increased over time while natural resources are dramatically decreasing. ¬ Rapid human population growth. ¬ Excessive resource consumption and depletion. ¬ Local, regional, and global pollution. What are the differences in the "Optimists'" views of populations and resource use compared to the "Pessimists'" views? - Answer-¬ Optimists' view of Populations & Resource Use ¬ If enough cheap energy is available all things can be accomplished through advances in technology:¬ Pessimists' view of Populations & Resource Use ¬ We are too late, technology can solve many problems, but it cannot keep up with the exponential growth of populations and demands on resources. What are the six key ecological principles of sustainability put forth by Daniel Chiras and how will they help enhance sustainability of natural resources? - Answer-¬ Conservation ¬ Recycling ¬ Renewable Resource Use ¬ Restoration ¬ Population Control & Management ¬ Adaptability What are some key components of what conservation means today? - Answer-¬ Conserving the Earth itself by protecting and attempting to enhance its capacity for self-renewal. ¬ Emphasizes protection of entire ecological regions (biosphere reserves). Examples: ¬ Great Barrier Reef off Australia ¬ Adirondack State Park ¬ Reconciling human use and conservation beyond boundaries of parks and wilderness areas is critical. What are some specific pieces of legislation in the U.S. that support conservation? What does each accomplish? - Answer-¬ National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) ¬ Clean Water Act ¬ Clean Air Act ¬ Endangered Species Act ¬ Marine Mammal Protection Act ¬ Migratory Bird Treaty Act What important events relating to natural resources management happened in the 1960s? - Answer- ¬ Widespread realization that the quality of the air and water of the nation had reached hazardous levels that threatened public health ¬ Realization that many species of animals were in serious decline because of environmental factors as well as human action ¬ Birds and DDT¬ Habitat loss and pollution Why were the 1970s called the "Golden Age of Environmental Legislation"? What are some examples of Acts passed in this decade? Many laws and acts were passed - Answer-¬ Many laws and acts were passed for the betterment of our environment. ¬ National Environmental Policy Act ¬ Passed in 1969, Signed into law in 1970 ¬ Endangered Species Act passed, 1973 ¬ Clean Air Act passed, 1970 ¬ Clean Water Act passed, 1972 ¬ Several other environmental Acts What are the steps of the Scientific Method and what is involved in each step? - Answer-¬ Observations: What do I see? Can lead us to ideas we want to test. ¬ Research Questions: Building on observations; coming up w/ Q's that lead to experiments ¬ Forming a Hypothesis: What is causing the phenomena? Use research Q's ¬ Testing Hypothesis: Conduct experiments/ testing hypothesis; repeat experiments to confirm results ¬ Drawing Conclusions: Use collected data to explain results observed. What is the difference between the Null and Alternative Hypotheses? - Answer-¬ The null hypothesis states that there is no significant difference between experimental groups. ¬ The alternative hypothesis states that there are significant differences between experimental groups. Can we ever be absolutely certain that the results we get from statistical testing are correct? - Answer-¬ No What is a Research Question? - Answer-¬ The question that the research sets out to answer. What is a Research Hypothesis? - Answer-¬ Using our research questions, what do we believe is causing the things we observed to happen and why?What is a General Theory? - Answer-¬ A statement someone has, not always true, but unknown until proven. Who coined the term Ecology? - Answer-¬ Ernst Haeckel What is Ecology? - Answer-¬ Ecology- is the science by which we study how organisms (animals, plants, and microbes) interact in and with their environment (R. E. Ricklefs). What are the 5 Levels of Ecological Organization and how do they progress from simplest to most complex? - Answer-¬ Individual Organism ¬ Population Ð The group of organisms of a particular species, or variety, inhabiting a particular area, at a specific time ¬ Community Ð All living organisms occupying a given area ¬ Ecosystem Ð the matrix of all organisms and the abiotic (nonliving) factors which affect them Ð Ecosphere Ð All of planet earth's ecosystems; thin layer surrounding the earth that supports life ¬ Lithosphere - rock and soil layer; land ¬ Atmosphere - the gaseous layer; air ¬ Hydrosphere - the water layer; oceans, lakes, rivers, ¬ Ecosphere What is the ultimate fate of energy in the food chain? - Answer-¬ The ultimate fate of energy in ecosystems is for it to be lost as heat. What do the first two Laws of Thermodynamics state? - Answer-¬ First Law: Ð Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted to a different form ¬ Second Law: Ð Transfer of energy is not 100% efficient; some energy is lost from the system in the form of heatHow much of the total solar energy that strikes the Earth is used by plants in photosynthesis? - Answer-¬ Only 0.1-2.0% actually used by plants in photosynthesis What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? - Answer-¬ Photosynthesis creates glucose, oxygen, and energy ¬ Cellular respiration creates energy, carbon dioxide, and water What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? - Answer-¬ Autotrophs: make their own food through photosynthesis (plants, algae) and store glucose that is utilized by other organisms when the producer is eaten. ¬ Heterotrophs: obtain food from outside source (grazers, predators). What is a food chain? - Answer-¬ Linear transfers of energy