Heredity/Genetics Review 2024

Heredity/Genetics Review 2024 Genetics study of heredity discovered by Gregor Mendel Heredity the passing of traits from parents to offspring through sexual reproduction Genes found on the chromosomes in the DNA How many chromosomes on a human body cell? 46 Gametes are also known as sex cells Sex cells include eggs and sperm Each sex cell contains how many chromosomes? 23 Chromosomes that determine sex are: X and Y Female sex chromosomes XX Male sex chromosomes XY Inherited traits characteristics that are passed from parent to offspring Acquired traits characteristics or behavior not genetic or inherited Punnett Squares a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross Genotype an organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations. AA or aa homozygous genotype combinations Aa heterozygous genotype combination Phenotype an organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. Allele appear in pairs to determine genes passed Dominant Trait the trait observed in the first generation and is written as a capital letter Recessive Trait a trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited Homozyous organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait