Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND 100% SOLUTIONS

Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 3 QUESTIONS AND 100% SOLUTIONS What is the difference between delirium and dementia? - ANSWER -Dementia is a slow onset that eventually leads to death. -Delirium has an identifiable cause, is rapid, and fluctuating symptoms Delirium is best defined as a change/disturbance in? - ANSWER Consciousness and Cognition What age group is effected by delirium? - ANSWER All age groups can be What are the 6 cognitive domains? - ANSWER Complex attention Executive function Learning and memory Language Perceptual-motor Social cognition Define delirium via the DSM-V - ANSWER Disturbance in attention and awareness over a *Short* period of time with *fluctuating* awareness When is Delirium reversible? - ANSWER When it is due to things like alcohol or cocaine withdrawal What are the preventable causes of delirium? - ANSWER Medication interaction Accidental RX misuse Induced electrolyte disturbance Occult head injury after a fall Orthostasis What is the primary intervention of delirium? - ANSWER Reverse insult and replace deficiencies What is the most common form of dementia? - ANSWER Alzheimer's disease What are ADLs and IADLs? - ANSWER Activities of daily living- Toileting, feeding, grooming, bathing Independent Activities of Daily Living- Paying bills, remembering appointments What goes first in dementia patients, ADLs or IADLs? - ANSWER IADLs What is Major Neurocognitive Disorder according to the DSM-V? - ANSWER *Significant* cognitive decline from previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains. Deficits *interfere* with daily activities What is MMSE? - ANSWER Mini-Mental State Exam (Questionnaire used for screening, NOT diagnosis) What is Lewy Body Disease? - ANSWER A possible cause of Major Neurocognitive Disorder with severe sight issues that are extremely sensitive to antipsychotics How are Major Neurocognitive Disorders classified? - ANSWER Mild - difficulty with IADLs (e.g. housework, money management) Moderate - difficulty with basic ADLs (e.g. feeding, dressing) Severe - fully dependent What is Mild Neurocognitive Disorder? - ANSWER Evidence of a *modest* decline in one or more cognitive domain, but deficits *do not interfere* with daily activities What is early and late onset of alzheimer's? - ANSWER Before/after 65 years old What are the types of Explicit (declarative) long term memory? - ANSWER Episodicbiographical events Semantic- Words, ideas, etc. What are the types of Implicit (non-declarative) long term memory? - ANSWER Procedural- Skills (motor function) Emotional conditioning- things like automatic fears What is normal cognitive aging? - ANSWER -Decreased efficiency with retrieval and processing (slower short term memory) -Slowed recollection via hippocampus -Rely more on *entorhinal cortex* (familiarity) What is responsible for memory storage? - ANSWER Temporal lobe (parietal is also effected in alzheimer's) What are the cellular changes caused by Alzheimer's? - ANSWER -Neuron loss (white matter) -Ventricular enlargement -Plaques and Tangles -Decreased Choline Acetyltransferase (reduces acetylcholine production) What are the associated behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's? - ANSWER Delusions Hallucinations Depression Sundowning What are the language disturbances of Alzheimer's? - ANSWER *Aphasia* - language impairment *Apraxia* - impairment in carrying out motor function *Agnosia* - failure to recognize, identi