Focus on Nursing Pharmacology - Amy M. Karch - Chapter 51 drugs in focus Exam with Complete Solutions 100% Solved

Focus on Nursing Pharmacology - Amy M. Karch - Chapter 51 drugs in focus Exam with Complete Solutions 100% Solved thiazide diuretics and thiazide like diuretice - answersulonamides, they have a slightly different chemical structure but work to block the chloride pump BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE - answerDosage: Adult:2.5-5 mg/d for edema, 2.5-15 mg/d PO for hypertension Pediatric: Indications: treatment of edema caused by heart failure, liver disease, or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Onset: Initial effect: diuresis: 2 hr, HTN: 3-4 d Duration: Diuresis: 18-24 hr Special considerations: 1-10% anorexia, epigastric distress, hypo K, hypotension, phototoxicity Frequency not defined Decr Mg++, Na+, C1-, HCO3- Incr Ca++, uric acid, lipids/cholesterol, glucose intolerance CHLOROTHIAZIDE - answerDosage: Adult:0.5-2 g PO or IV, daily for edema 0.5-2 2 g/d PO for hypertension Pediatric:>6mo 22 mg/kg/d PO in 2 divided doses Indications: treatment of edema caused by HF liver disease, or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Onset: initial effect: 2 hr, max effect: 4 hr Duration: 6-12 hr Special considerations:Contraindications Hypersensitivity to chlorothiazide or sulfonamides Anuria Cautions DM, fluid or e'lyte imbalance, hyperuricemia/gout, hypotension, SLE, post-sympathectomy, liver dz, renal dz Avoid concurrent use with lithium May aggravate digitalis toxicity Sensitivity rxns may occur with or w/o history of allergy or asthma Pts allergic to sulfa may show cross sensitivity May deleteriously alter lipid/glucose etabolism Risk of male sexual dysfunction HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE - answerDosage: Adult:12.5-100 mg PO qD Pediatric:1-2 mg/kg/d div q12hr PO or x1 Indications: treatment of edema caused by HF liver disease, or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Onset: Initial effect: diuresis: 2 hr, HTN: 3-4 d Max effect: diuresis: 3-6 hr Duration: diuresis: 6-12 hr; HTN: up to1wk Special considerations:Hypersensitivity to hydrochlorothiazide or sulfonamides Anuria Cautions DM, fluid or electrolyte imbalance, hyperuricemia or gout, hypotension, SLE, liver dz, renal dz May aggravate digitalis toxicity Sensitivity rxns may occur with or w/o history of allergy or asthma Risk of male sexual dysfunction hydroflumethiazide - answerDosage: Adult:12.5-50 mg PO BID Maintenance: 50-100 mg/day; NMT 200 mg/day Pediatric: not established Indications: treatment of edema caused by HF liver disease, or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Onset: Initial effect: diuresis: 2 hr, HTN: 3-4 d Max effect: diuresis: 3-6 hr Duration:Diuresis: 12-24 hr HTN: up to1 wk Special considerations: Hypersensitivity to thiazides or sulfonamides Anuria Cautions DM, fluid or e'lyte imbalance, hyperuricemia or gout, hypotension, SLE, liver dz, renal dz May aggravate digitalis toxicity Sensitivity rxns may occur w/or w/o hx of allergy or asthma methyclothiazide - answerDosage: Adult:2.5-10 mg mg/d PO for edema; 2.5-5 mg/d PO for hypertension Pediatric: Indications: treatment of edema caused by HF liver disease, or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Onset: Duration: Special considerations: chlorthalidone - answerDosage: Adult:Edema: initial 25-100 mg PO qD OR 100 mg PO qOD; may incr up to 200 m