MED/SURG Final NCLEX questions with complete solution

A student nurse is preparing blood for an A Positive patient who needs to receive a blood transfusion. The nurse intervenes after which statement? A. " Since you are A positive, you are considered a "universal recipient", therefore you can receive any type of blood. B. "A positive blood types can receive A+, A-, O+ and O-" C. "Testing your blood type helps us determine what type of blood you need. Not all blood types are the same and can cause a reaction" D. "Only certain people who meet a certain criteria can donate blood, but if you have any types of symptoms during transfusion, let a health care staff member know" - Correct Answer A. " Since you are A positive, you are considered a "universal recipient", therefore you can receive any type of blood. A patient has a folic acid deficiency. The nurse tells the patient to order foods rich in Folic Acid. What foods are best for the patient to look for when ordering food? A. Leafy Green Vegetables B. Citrus Fruits C.Chicken D.Dried Beans E. Hard Candy - Correct Answer A. Leafy Green Vegetables B. Citrus Fruits D. Dried Beans 1. A patient who was recently diagnosed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) was just educated on the importance of nutrition and what foods to avoid. What statement made by the patient, indicates the need for further teaching? a. " I will avoid foods like French fries and citrus juices to decrease my chances of acid reflux and heart burn" b. "I will continue to drink 2 cups of coffee each morning when I wake up, to make sure I have enough energy for the day" c. " I need to find another dessert I can eat each night before bed, because the chocolate ice cream I eat every night will exacerbate my Gastroesophageal Reflux" d. " I need to drink more room temperature water to make sure my body has help when properly digesting my meals" - Correct Answer B. "I will continue to drink 2 cups of coffee each morning when I wake up, to make sure I have enough energy for the day" A 76-year old man with chronic anemia arrives at the Emergency department with increased fatigue and heart palpitations even at rest. The nurse would expect the patients' laboratory test findings to include: (Select all that apply) a. Hemoglobin (Hgb) of 6.8 g/dL b. Hematocrit (Hct) value of 32% c. An Red Blood Cell count of 4,500,000/L d. A ferritin level of 8.2 ng/mL e. A White Blood Cell count of 6.5 x 109/L - Correct Answer A, B, D a: hemoglobin (Hgb) of 6.8 g/dL b: hematocrit (Hct) value of 32% d: a ferritin level of 8.2 ng/mL A student nurse is explaining the risk factors for metabolic syndrome which statement by the student would require correction from the nurse? A. Waist circumference of 41 for a male B. Body mass index of 30 or higher C. Triglycerides level of 130 D. Blood Glucose of 168 - Correct Answer C. Triglycerides level of 130 A 68 year-old male suffering from chronic diarrhea is found to have a serum phosphate level of 0.9 mg/dL. After reviewing this lab value the nurse can expect the patient to exhibit which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply) A. Confusion B. Numbness/tingling in extremities C. Muscle weakness D. Cardiac dysrhythmias E. Dry mucous membranes - Correct Answer A. Confusion C. Muscle weakness D. Cardiac dysrhythmias The physician orders an arterial blood gas who is hyperventilating. The nurse can anticipate that the blood gas results will most likely reveal that the patient is in: A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Respiratory alkalosis - Correct Answer D. Respiratory alkalosis Thalassemia is a group of diseases that causes an inadequate amount of normal hemoglobin to be produced in the body. Thalassemia minor is usually asymptomatic and requires no treatments. There is no cure for thalassemia major, however, there are therapies available to help manage the disease. These include: A. Blood transfusions B. Subcutaneous or IV deferoxamine C. Iron supplements D. Zinc supplements E. Splenectomy - Correct Answer A. Blood transfusions B. Subcutaneous or IV deferoxamine D. Zinc supplements E. Splenectomy A patient diagnosed with Stage II bladder cancer has just received a segmental cystectomy. What will the nurse correct the patient on for postoperative instructions for discharge?: A. "I will drink only small amounts of water for the first week." B. "I will call the doctor if my urine is bright red for the first few days after surgery." C. "After a week, my urine could have dark red flakes, and that's normal." D. "I have a follow-up appointment for a cystoscopy in a few weeks." - Correct Answer A. "I will drink only small amounts of water for the first week."