ATI Pediatrics Disorders/Diseases, ATI
PEDS Practice Questions and Answers
2024
Epistaxis - ANSWER -have child sit up with head tilted foward to prevent aspiration of blood
-apply pressure to lower nose for at least 10min
-apply ice acrossbridge of nose if bleeding continues
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER -risks due to poor diet, rapid growth, menses, and obesity
-results from lack of iron, and is the most preventable mineral disturbance
Risk factors of Iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER Excessive intake of cow's milk for toddlers
-milk is not a good source of iron
Nursing care of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER -Provide iron supplements until 4-6 months
-modify diet to include high iron and vitamin C
-Give iron supplements 1hr. Before or 2 hr. After milk/antacid to prevent decreased absorption
(use a straw with liquid preparation, use a z-track into deep muscle)
-dried beans, lentils, PB, green, leafy veggies, poultry, red meat, bread
Sickle Cell Anemia - ANSWER a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or
"sickle" shape.
-increased blood viscosity
-obstruction of blood flow
-tissue hypoxia
,Hemophilia - ANSWER -bleeding time is extended due to lack of factor required for blood to clot.
A: deficiency of factor VIII
B: deficiency of factor IX
Labs/Nursing care for Hemophilia - ANSWER -*Prolonged aPTT*
-platelets and prothrombin time are within range
-RICE to affected joints
-low-contact sports
-soft-bristled toothbrushes
Rotavirus - ANSWER -most common cause of diarrhea in children under 5
-fever, V, watery stools
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) - ANSWER Perinatal itching
-*Tape test*
-*oral rehydration therapy*
-avoid BRAT diet, juices, broth, and caffeine
-do not share dishes/utensils, change linens
Level of Dehydration - ANSWER Mild: cap refill over 2 sec, slight thirst.
Moderate: cap refill b/w 2-4 sec, thirst/irritability, decreased tears, and skin turgor.
Severe: cap refill greater than 4 sec., tachycardia, extreme thirst, very dry membranes, tented skin,
sunken eyeballs, sunken anterior fontanel, Oligura/anuria.
Cleft Lip - ANSWER -repair done b/w 2-3 months
, -wide-based nipple for bottle feeding
Cleft Palate - ANSWER -repair done b/w 6-12 months
-special bottle with one-way valve and special nipple
Cleft Palate/Lip Considerations and Complications - ANSWER -avoid nipple/pacifier
-place on abdomen after postop cleft palate
-ear infection/hearing loss
Speech/language impairment
-dental problems
Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD) - ANSWER Spitting p/forceful vomiting, excessive crying, resp
problems, apnea, failure to thrive.
-offer small, frequent meals, thicken formula
-avoid foods that cause reflux(caffeine, citrus, peppermint, spicy/fried foods)
-elevate head of child after meals
Nissen Fundiplication - ANSWER Wraps the fundus of the stomach around the distal esophagus to
decrease reflux
Pyloric Stenosis - ANSWER Thickening of pyloric sphincter, creates an obstruction (occurs first weeks of
life)
-projectile vomiting
-constant hunger
-olive-shaped mass in RUQ
Hirschsprungs Disease - ANSWER Newborn: episodes of vomiting bile
PEDS Practice Questions and Answers
2024
Epistaxis - ANSWER -have child sit up with head tilted foward to prevent aspiration of blood
-apply pressure to lower nose for at least 10min
-apply ice acrossbridge of nose if bleeding continues
Iron Deficiency Anemia - ANSWER -risks due to poor diet, rapid growth, menses, and obesity
-results from lack of iron, and is the most preventable mineral disturbance
Risk factors of Iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER Excessive intake of cow's milk for toddlers
-milk is not a good source of iron
Nursing care of iron deficiency anemia - ANSWER -Provide iron supplements until 4-6 months
-modify diet to include high iron and vitamin C
-Give iron supplements 1hr. Before or 2 hr. After milk/antacid to prevent decreased absorption
(use a straw with liquid preparation, use a z-track into deep muscle)
-dried beans, lentils, PB, green, leafy veggies, poultry, red meat, bread
Sickle Cell Anemia - ANSWER a genetic disorder in which erythroctyes take on an abnormal curved or
"sickle" shape.
-increased blood viscosity
-obstruction of blood flow
-tissue hypoxia
,Hemophilia - ANSWER -bleeding time is extended due to lack of factor required for blood to clot.
A: deficiency of factor VIII
B: deficiency of factor IX
Labs/Nursing care for Hemophilia - ANSWER -*Prolonged aPTT*
-platelets and prothrombin time are within range
-RICE to affected joints
-low-contact sports
-soft-bristled toothbrushes
Rotavirus - ANSWER -most common cause of diarrhea in children under 5
-fever, V, watery stools
Enterobius vermicularis(pinworm) - ANSWER Perinatal itching
-*Tape test*
-*oral rehydration therapy*
-avoid BRAT diet, juices, broth, and caffeine
-do not share dishes/utensils, change linens
Level of Dehydration - ANSWER Mild: cap refill over 2 sec, slight thirst.
Moderate: cap refill b/w 2-4 sec, thirst/irritability, decreased tears, and skin turgor.
Severe: cap refill greater than 4 sec., tachycardia, extreme thirst, very dry membranes, tented skin,
sunken eyeballs, sunken anterior fontanel, Oligura/anuria.
Cleft Lip - ANSWER -repair done b/w 2-3 months
, -wide-based nipple for bottle feeding
Cleft Palate - ANSWER -repair done b/w 6-12 months
-special bottle with one-way valve and special nipple
Cleft Palate/Lip Considerations and Complications - ANSWER -avoid nipple/pacifier
-place on abdomen after postop cleft palate
-ear infection/hearing loss
Speech/language impairment
-dental problems
Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD) - ANSWER Spitting p/forceful vomiting, excessive crying, resp
problems, apnea, failure to thrive.
-offer small, frequent meals, thicken formula
-avoid foods that cause reflux(caffeine, citrus, peppermint, spicy/fried foods)
-elevate head of child after meals
Nissen Fundiplication - ANSWER Wraps the fundus of the stomach around the distal esophagus to
decrease reflux
Pyloric Stenosis - ANSWER Thickening of pyloric sphincter, creates an obstruction (occurs first weeks of
life)
-projectile vomiting
-constant hunger
-olive-shaped mass in RUQ
Hirschsprungs Disease - ANSWER Newborn: episodes of vomiting bile
