NR503 Epidemiology Midterm Exam UPDATE QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. How does social justice and health inequities influence population health care provision? Why is this critical information for the provision of evi- dence-based care ANS More and more studies are being conducted to look at the relationship of sustained exposure to toxic stress to a variety of poor health out- comes and high-risk behaviors. These behaviors include such things as cutting, hypervigilance, promiscuity, eating disorders, poor school performance, depression, violence, suicidal ideation/attempts, and justice system involvement. These are just a few of the many behaviors found to be associated with sustained exposure to toxic stress. Studies such as these illustrate the importance of understanding the social determinants of poor health and the potential for doing good and preventing harm to aggregates and populations by targeting exposures to such things as child abuse and neglect for prevention, early recognition, and intervention., 2. Vital Statistics ANS Vital statistics provide important outcome measures that APRNs can monitor and compare over time and analyze by demographic variables to detect such things as health disparities. In the United States, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collects the official records of births, deaths, marriages, divorces, fetal deaths, and induced terminations of pregnancies from state and local health departments (Aschengrau & Seage, 2013). Personnel from local health departments review the data from death certificates, including demographic data, looking at the immediate cause of death and any contributing factors of death, and recording multiple causes of death. Local data are sent to a state office for collation and then sent to the NCHS, which provides this information to the public on its website (http//