ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS MILESTONE 2. LATEST 2021

ANCIENT GREEK PHILOSOPHERS MILESTONE 2. LATEST 2021 22 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 Heraclitus went further than his predecessors by considering reality from an entirely human point of view. He claimed that there is one true reality, which he called . RATIONALE Heraclitus believed in one true reality which he named the Logos, a Greek word that can be translated as “account.” Heraclitus believed that the Logos organizes and serves as the basis of all things. CONCEPT Heraclitus and the Doctrine of Impermanence 2 Philosophy pursues by using logic, reasoning, and critical thinking. RATIONALE Philosophy is a field of study that pursues wisdom, as evidenced by the root words of its name. "Philosophy" comes from two Greek words, philos (meaning "love") and sophia (meaning "wisdom"). Science, reality, and opinion are topics that philosophers investigate, but they are not the ultimate goal of philosophy. CONCEPT What is Philosophy? 3 Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of . RATIONALE Plato believed that knowledge of reality is grounded in knowledge of Forms. Forms are the "essences" that make an object what it truly is. For example, we can know that a good thing is good because we know the Form of Goodness and see that the thing in question imitates it. CONCEPT Plato's Forms: The Objects of Knowledge 4 Choose the FALSE statement about the Apology. Socrates demonstrated that he was determined to live — and die — according to his philosophy. • Socrates claimed that if he had harmed others, it was unintentional and he regretted it. • Observing that death was either something or nothing, Socrates argued it was not to be feared. RATIONALE The Apology is Plato's transcription of the defense Socrates presented at his trial on charges of "denying the gods" and "corrupting the youth of Athens." In response to the second charge, Socrates does not state that if he harmed others, it was unintentional and he regretted it. Rather, he argues that he did not corrupt the youth of Athens. Additionally, he states that even if he had corrupted the youth unintentionally, he would not have committed a crime by doing so. CONCEPT The Apology: A Defense of Philosophy 5 All of the statements are central themes of Parmenidean metaphysics, EXCEPT: RATIONALE Parmenidean metaphysics establishes a division between the mortal world (i.e., the world of the senses) and reality. Reality is "what is;" it is eternal and unchanging. The world of the senses is "what is not," a transient and illusory world of change. Therefore, Parmenides would not say that the world we sense is genuine. All of the other statements accurately represent Parmenidean metaphysics.