PSYC 110 Exam 1 Study Guide ULL Christie Charles Latest Version Graded A+

PSYC 110 Exam 1 Study Guide ULL Christie Charles Latest Version Graded A+ What is the definition of psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes What field of psychology emerged as a science? Systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world and the purpose of thoughts. What is his view known as? Functionalism What approach to psychology emphasizes the scientific study of observable responses and their environmental determinants? Behavioral approach What would a psychologist be interested in who is following the humanistic approach to psychology? A person's positive qualities, capacity for positive growth and the freedom to choose one's destiny What are the steps of the scientific method? 1. Observing a phenomenon 2. Formulating hypotheses and predictions 3. Testing through empirical research 4. Drawing conclusions 5. Evaluating the theory In the context of psychology's scientific method, what is an educated guess that derives logically from a theory known as? Hypothesis When psychological researchers use the correlational method to study variables, what is the numerical value that expresses the degree of relation between two variables known as? Correlational coefficient : r What aspect of the correlation coefficient indicates magnitude/ strength? Please be able to select the correlation coefficient that represents the strongest correlation. -1.00 - 1.00 The closer it is to 1.00, the stronger the correlation will be What is an independent variable, and what is a dependent variable? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios. Independent Variable: is a manipulated experimental factor Dependent Variable: the variable that may change as a result of manipulations in the independent variable What is an experimental group, and what is a control group? Be prepared to be tested via the presentation of definitions and/or scenarios. Experimental group: consists of the participants in an experiment who are exposed to the change that the independent variable represents Control Group: is an experiment is as much like he experimental s possible and is treated in every way like the experimental group except for that change What phenomenon addresses when the behavior of participants in an experiment is influenced by how they think they are supposed to behave or by their expectations about what is happening to them? Research Participant Bias What is the entire group about which an investigator wants to draw conclusions known as? Population Before agreeing to participate in a psychological