NURSING RESEARCH METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITION

NURSING RESEARCH METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH EDITIONThe Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available, and the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease. -History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders. - The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance) The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them. - Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain. Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing blood, giving injections…. The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque shows. The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the battlefield Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing. In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to persecution. Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include: knowledge of the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom, purity and devotion to the patient. The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive During the 15th and 19th centuries, the influence of Christianity began to wane and many nurses with religious orders fled to avoid imprisonment and death. There was a shift in medicine that moved practitioners from monasteries to universities.