BIOD 121 (Portage): Module 3 EXAM QUESTIONS &ANSWERS GRADED A+

Energy balance a state when one's energy intake is equivalent to the amount of energy expended Energy in equals energy out (calories consumed is burned through basic body functions + exercise energy balance positive energy balance occurs if more calories (energy) are consumed than expended examples of periods in life when you need to be in a positive energy balance state: pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence in growth spurts 1 pound in a week is equivalent to : 500 extra calories a day Hyperplasia an increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of growth, such as adolescence or pregnancy Hypertrophy an increase in the size of fat cells, most often seen in periods of low growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood Negative energy balance occurs if fewer calories are consumed than calories expended Examples of negative energy balance situations: during illness or trauma, major burn injury, intentional act such as dieting to meet a weight loss goal Our sole source of energy intake is from: food and beverages Energy can be expended naturally via _____________ , _____________, and _________________ basal metabolism, the thermic effect of food, and thermogenesis Energy can be expended intentionally through _______________ physical activity (aka exercise) Two major components of energy expenditure are: basal metabolic rate and physical activity