BIO AC U5 Test Questions with 100% Solved Solutions

(T1) What is a gene? - A segment of DNA that produces a protein thus determining a trait (T1) What is a chromosome? - A condensed or compact "rod" of DNA that carries genetic information (T1) What is DNA? - helical molecule that carries the genetic information of an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. (T1) What is a genome? - All the DNA in one cell of an organism (T1) What is a nucleus? - The control center of the cell; contains the genetic material (T1) What is a nucleotide? - A small subunit that makes up DNA; building blocks for nucleic acids (T1) List nucleotide, nucleus, genome, chromosome, gene, and DNA from smallest to largest. - nucleotide, gene, DNA, chromosome, nucleus, genome (T1) DNA is the _________________ for most organisms - genetic material (T1) DNA is found in _________________________ - all cells of humans except red blood cells (T1) DNA is a _______ template that can be _________ accurately - physical, copied (T1) Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes - 23 (T1) Each chromosome is a ______________ - long strand of DNA (T1) DNA's structure consists of ___________________ - two strands of connected nucleotides (T1) DNA stands for - deoxyribonucleic acid (T1) To compress into chromosomes, DNA wraps around what? - proteins called histones (T1) DNA is a - nucleic acid (T1) Humans have ______ chromosomes - 46 (T1) Humans have about ______ genes - 25,000 (T1) How many proteins come from your mother? Father? - 23, 23 (T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you can tell their gender by looking at their _______ chromosome - 23rd (T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a boy if their 23rd pair is __________ - XY (T1) Just by looking at someone's chromosomes, you tell if they are a girl if their 23rd pair is __________ - XX A girl's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XX. This is known as the _________________ sex - homogametic A boy's 23rd pair of chromosomes is XY. This is known as the _________________ sex - heterogametic (T2) DNA's presence has been known since ___________, but its function hasn't always been clear. - 1874 (T2) Who did the pneumonia-mouse experiment? - Frederick Griffith (T2) What year did Griffith do his experiment? - 1928 (T2) Griffith's goal was to - cure (vaccine) pneumonia (T2) What were the two versions of pneumonia Griffith used? - R and S strains (T2) R strain refers to the _________ strain - rough (T2) S strain refers to the _________ strain - smooth (T2) When Griffith gave the mice S bacteria, they - died (T2) When Griffith gave the mice R bacteria, they - lived (T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated), they - lived (T2) When Griffith gave the mice killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, they - died (T2) Why did the heated S bacteria not give the mice pneumonia and kill them? - The heat denatured the bacteria, rendering it useless (T2) Why did the killed S bacteria (heated) with R bacteria, kill the mice? - The DNA that was inside of the killed S bacteria was able to go into the R bacteria which was still functioning. The DNA went inside and transformed the R bacteria into S bacteria. (T2) Who coined the phrase "transformation"? - Frederick Griffith (T2) How do we know that DNA, not protein, changed the R strain to an S strain? - The protein was denatured, meaning that something that heat didn't kill got into the R strain.