PC707-module 4-(Cardiac) Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC707-module 4-(Cardiac) Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions Does conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction? - answerVasoconstriction (Increases PVR) If epinephrine is secreted, what happens? - answerTachycardia and vasoconstriction (Increases PVR) Alpha-Blockers, Beta-Blockers, Calcium-Channel Blockers decrease resistance (decreasing PVR) causing what? - answerVasodilation Na+ holds on to water increasing the PVR or CO? - answerCardiac Output (CO) A 58 y.o man comes into the clinic and the nurses immediately takes his Bp. Bp 160/92. Should you start him on blood pressure medication immediately? If not, what should you do? - answerNo. First let him sit for a couple of minutes, uncross his feet, back rested. Recheck Bp in 5-10 minutes. Should you take a Bp on a full bladder? - answerNO What Bp level is considered Hypertensive? - answer130/80 First management of HTN - answerLifestyle modifications -Weight loss -DASH -Dietary sodium reduction (<2.4 g of sodium or 6 g of sodium chloride) -Regular aerobic physical activity (e.g., brisk walking) at least 30 min per day, most days of the week -Modification of alcohol consumption (2/day for men, 1/day for women) The DASH diet can lower BP in as little as - answer1-2 months What should you consider when taking BP in elderly? - answerPostural HTN Should you maximize one drug in the elderly or start a second agent? - answerStart a second agent What should you teach elderly patient to do when standing up if they are taking antihypertensives? - answerStand up slowly What is the MOA for thiazides? - answerIncrease urinary excretion of sodium & chloride in equal amounts Inhibit sodium & chloride reabsorption in the distal tubule Deplete sodium and potassium & decrease excretion of calcium & uric acid Side effects of thiazide diuretics - answerHypokalemia, Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglycermia and hypercholesteremia What kind of electrolyte problems can thiazide diuretics cause? - answerHyponatremia and hypokalemia Would you use thiazides in people who have sulfa allergies, renal impairment, or hypokalemia? - answerNO (contraindication) Which diuretic can be useful for women with osteoporosis and HTN because of the calcium- sparing effects - answerThiazide diuretics What is the MOA of ACE inhibitors? - answerBlocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, so by inhibiting it, less constriction occurs Inhibits degradation of bradykinin and increases the synthesis of vasodilation of prostaglandins Sarah P. comes into clinic complaining of a dry hacky unproductive cough since starting a new HTN medication. Which medication causes this? - answerACEI What causes ACEI cough? - answerBreakdown of bradykinin If the ACEI cough occurs, how long does it take to resolve? Do you prescribe another ACEI? - answer1-4 week