PC 707 Module 7 Spring 2024 Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions

PC 707 Module 7 Spring 2024 Exam with 100% Verified and Updated Solutions Is asthma treated differently during pregnancy and while breastfeeding? - answerNo, the National Institute of Health endorses the stepwise management approach to pharmacologic treatment of asthma during pregnancy just as for non-pregnant women Are any asthma medications contraindicated in pregnancy or lactation? - answerZileuton does not have research available so an alternative medication should be selected In pregnancy, which medications are used to treat intermittent asthma? - answerThe bronchodilator Albuterol, one of the safest and most widely studied medications in pregnancy is first-line for intermittent asthma, rescue therapy, and exercise induced asthma What medications are used to treat persistent asthma in pregnancy? - answerAn inhaled corticosteroid is the next step in the stepwise approach. Budesonide (Pulmicort) is the most widely studied ICS during pregnancy and is considered safest and first-line What are the risks of not treating pregnant asthmatics? - answerUncontrolled asthma is associated with an increased rate of preeclampsia, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and perinatal mortality How do you treat COPD? - answerPharmacologic therapy for COPD is used to reduce symptoms, reduce frequency, reduce severity of exacerbations, improve exercise tolerance, and improve health status What are the main medications classes? - answerBronchodilators (beta2-angonist, anticholinergics), Inhaled corticosteroids, Theophylline (not frequent), Combination bronchodilation therapy What is the mechanism of action of bronchodilators? - answerIncrease the FEV1 What is the mechanism of action of beta2-agonists? - answerTo relax airway smooth muscle by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors What is special education with bronchodilators? - answerIpratropium there is a need for increased fluid intake What is the mechanism of action of Anticholinergics? - answerBlock the bronchoconstrictor effects of acetylcholine What are the side effects of Anticholinergics? - answerDry mouth What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids? - answerDecrease the inflammation of stage III: severe COPD What are the side effects of inhaled corticosteroids? - answerOral candidiasis, hoarse voice, skin bruising, pneumonia, consequences associated with withdrawal on lung function What patient education would be provided regarding COPD? - answerHow to take medications, when to take medications, what each medications does, how medications might work together, side effects of medications, what to do if an exacerbation occurs Why are Methylxanthines not commonly prescribed in COPD? - answerBecause of the many side effects associated with its use and the risk for toxicity, especially in conjunction with macrolides and other antibiotics How are asthma and COPD medications delivered and does age matter? - answerMedications are administered via inhalation for children over age 4 and adults. Then via nebulizer to children under age 4. Which medication classes are used to treat community acquired pneumonia? - answermacrolide, doxycycline, fluoroquinolone, beta-lactam, or macrolide What are the first-line treatment options regarding antibiotics to treat CAP? - answermacrolides or doxycyclines in patients that are healthy or have not used antimicrobials in the past 3 months Do co-morbidities change the drug of choice with CAP? - answerIf patient has co- morbidities then respiratory fluoroquinolone or a beta-lactam antibiotic and macrolide How do you treat allergic rhinitis? - answerManagement is a 3 pronged approach: Trigger avoidance; Pharmacology; Immunology. The mainstays of medication for allergy symptoms are antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and decongestants. Provider will treat empirically based on a thorough history. If the patient does not respond to nonpharmacological therapy (avoidance of triggers, use of air conditions, etc), pharmacological therapy (antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers) then allergy testing may be necessary. What are special concerns with Zyrtec? - answeris the most sedating 2nd generation antihistamine, so avoid in pilots or those that operate heavy machinery. What are the concerns with First generation H1 antagonist antihistamines? - answerhave a short half so need multiple doses a day, cause sedation What are the concerns with Second generation H2 antagonist antihistamines? - answerless sedation effects, some have multiple drug to drug interactions What are the concerns with Leukotriene modifiers? - answertake several days to see a benefit, must add on to therapy not used as monotherapy, has several warnings How is strep pharyngitis treated? - answerStrep pharyngitis is treated with amoxicillin (first line) 50mg/kg once daily (max 1000 mg/day) or use 20 mg/kg/day BID for 10 days. Cephalosporins (second line) use first generation such as cephaliexin for 10 days as the 2nd or 3rd generation are broad spectrum. Macrolids are only used in cases of PCN anaphylaxis d/t high rates of resistance. Are there consequences of not treating it or treating Strep pharyngitis inadequately? - answerif untreated can cause glomerulonephritis, acute rheumatic fever, acute otitis media, peritonsillar abscess Why is there a Black Box Warning on long-acting beta-agonists? - answerLong-acting beta agonist cannot be used alone in treating asthma because it does not relieve sudden-onset asthma symptoms. Asthma patients should always have a rescue inhaler on hand to treat sudden-onset asthma symptoms. Is the commonly used medication pseudophedrine (Sudafed) safe in pregnancy? - answeris category C and associated with incre