BIO 210 FINAL EXAM GENETICS 2024
ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
,A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWER-
phosphate group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA),
and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER-Adenine and
Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER-
cytosine, thymine, uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT
ANSWER-purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER-
DNA: double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2'
carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the
2' Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER-nucleoside: pentose
sugar + nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphodiester bonds
,What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1.) Must contain important info to encode
hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-location in the cell that
contains centrioles
What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER-microtubules that produce
mitotic spindle fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton
of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT
ANSWER-2 centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic
cell typically have? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 copies
, what are homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-copies of
the same type of DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-copies
of different chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell division of one cell into 2
exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - CORRECT ANSWER-
interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER-mitosis
stage that the cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the
nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Centrosome replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and
chromosome replication occurs (still uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - CORRECT ANSWER-
centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
ACTUAL EXAM 300 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
,A nucleotide is made up of what 3 components? - CORRECT ANSWER-
phosphate group, pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA),
and a nitrogenous base
What nitrogenous bases are purines - CORRECT ANSWER-Adenine and
Guanine
What nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWER-
cytosine, thymine, uracil
How can you differentiate between purines and pyrimidines? - CORRECT
ANSWER-purines are double-ringed while pyrimidines are single-ringed
What are the differences between DNA and RNA? - CORRECT ANSWER-
DNA: double stranded, has deoxyribose sugar(hydroxyl group at 2'
carbon), bases: A, T, G, C
RNA: single stranded, has ribose sugar(one oxygen is removed from the
2' Carbon), bases: A, U, G, C
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER-nucleoside: pentose
sugar + nitrogenous base
nucleotide: pentose sugar + nitrogenous base + phosphate group
What type of bonds bind nucleotide chains? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Phosphodiester bonds
,What are the 4 requirements for a molecule to be genetic material? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1.) Must contain important info to encode
hereditary traits
2.) Must be capable of replication
3.) Must be capable of variation by mutation
4.) Must be able to express information
Where are chromosomes located? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell's nucleus
what is a centrosome? - CORRECT ANSWER-location in the cell that
contains centrioles
What are centrioles? - CORRECT ANSWER-microtubules that produce
mitotic spindle fibers, aids in cell division, and make up the cytoskeleton
of the cell
How many centrioles are there for every centrosome? - CORRECT
ANSWER-2 centrioles/1 centrosome
How many copies of each type of chromosome does each eukaryotic
cell typically have? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 copies
, what are homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-copies of
the same type of DNA
What are non-homologous chromosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER-copies
of different chromosomes with different DNA
What is mitosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-cell division of one cell into 2
exact duplicates
What are the six stages of Mitosis in order? - CORRECT ANSWER-
interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
and cytokinesis
What happens during mitosis interphase? - CORRECT ANSWER-mitosis
stage that the cell is primarily in
chromosomes are uncondensed, so they are just hanging out in the
nucleus
1 centrosome < 2 centrioles
What happens during interphase s-phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Centrosome replication ( 2 centrosomes < 4 centrioles) occurs and
chromosome replication occurs (still uncondensed)
What happens during mitosis prophase? - CORRECT ANSWER-
centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell using spindle fibers
