FULL TEST BANK FOR Pathophysiology 9th Edition McCance The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children By Julia Rogers | 2023/2024| 9780323789882 |Chapter 1- 49 | Complete Questions and Answers A+

11. Which neurotransmitters inhibit pain in the medulla and pons? a. NorepinephRIne and serotonin b. Gamma-aminobutyRIc acid (GABA) and aspartate c. Glutamate and tumor necrosis factor–alpha d. Neurokinin A and nitRIc oxiDE ANS: A NorepinephRIne and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) contRIbute to pain modulation (inhibition) in the medulla and pons. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective. PTS: 1 REF: Page 490 12. Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary and is a strong -receptor agonist? a. Enkephalins c. Dynorphins b. Endorphins d. Endomorphins NURSINGTB.COM ANS: B The synthesis and activity of -endorphin is concentrated in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland and act as strong µ-receptor agonist. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective. PTS: 1 REF: Page 491 13. What is the term that DEnotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that a person will endure before outwardly responding? a. Tolerance c. Threshold b. Perception d. Dominance ANS: A Pain tolerance is the duration of time or the intensity of pain that an individual will endure before initiating overt pain responses. The other options are not related to the duration or intensity of pain endured before the pain is recognized. PTS: 1 REF: Page 491 14. Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as what? a. Chronic c. Acute b. Psychogenic d. Phantom ANS: C Acute pain is a protective mechanism that alerts the individual to a condition or expeRIence that is immediately harmful to the body. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 491-492 15. Which DEscRIption characteRIzes visceral pain? a. Is sharp and well-DEfined when transmitted by A-DElta (A) fibers. b. Is perceived as poorly localized and is transmitted by the sympathetic nervous system. c. ARIses from connective tissue, muscle, bone, or skin. d. Is perceived as dull, aching, and poorly localized when transmitted by C fibers. ANS: B