Turf & Landscape Questions and Answers Already Passed

Turf & Landscape Questions and Answers Already Passed Describe the kinds of damage arthropod pests can cause. Chewing mouth parts: tearing damage, notched or ragged leaves, holes in fruits and seeds, gridled stems, and chewed off roots Piercing-sucking mouth parts (needle like feeding on plant tissue): yellowed leaves, galls, and misshapen fruit (often mistaken by plant diseases) *Piercing mouth transmit diseases easier Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the types of formulation discussed in this chapter Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC): Describe the structural features of arthropods including how their mouth parts determine what kind of damage they can cause. Invertebrates, exoskeleton, paired/jointed legs and other appendages Explain how to distinguish insects from other arthropods. Insects: sometimes wings, 3 pairs of legs, antennae, 3 body region (head, thorax, abdomen) Arachnids: no wings, no antennae, 4 pairs of legs, 2 body regions (head/thorax, abdomen) Describe the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Simple (3 stages): egg, nymph, and adult Complete (4 stages): egg, larva, pupa and adult Explain why it is important to know what kind of metamorphosis a particular pest goes through. Management techniques can vary depending on how the insect develops Explain how temperature and humidity affect insect development. Temp: how fast insects grow (too low - slow down and don't function, too high - die, higher temps in threshold increase insect abilities) Humidity: some insects require more or less, higher humidity increases probability for diseases (help control insect population) Describe some of the characteristics of the common insect pests we discuss in this chapter. White Grubs: beetle larvae that are found in the soil and damage sod and the roots of other plants Ants: Issues occur with mounds (kill the queen) Black Cutworms: larvae, or caterpillar stage that does the damage, clips off grass blades and shoots with chewing mouth parts Sod web warms: caterpillar stage does the damage Clinch bugs: sucking mouth parts that inject toxic saliva into various turf grass species Japanese beetles: adults feed and damage foliage and flowers Sawflies: can cause significant damage to forests and landscapes Emerald Ash Borer: adults cause minimal damage to ash trees, larvae tunnel under the bark in the tree's cambium layer that effect the tree List the advantages and disadvantages of using insecticides. Advantages: 1. Effective against thousands of economically damaging pests. 2. Can be used to combat several different pests on a given plant 3. Act quickly 4. Large arsenal to combat even new pests 5. Usually available and many suitable formulations and application equipment Disadvantages: 1. Often eliminate beneficial insects, allowing them to rebound quickly (increased dependence on insecticides) 2. Can lead to resistance after repeated exposure