Advanced Patho Exam 1 DB questions

____ is known as pre-invasive neoplasms that are localized to the epithelium and have NOT penetrated the local basement membrane or invaded the surrounding stroma. A. Benign tumor B. Apoptosis C. Carcinoma in situ D. Adenocarcinoma - Answer: C "Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial tumors of glandular or squamous cell origin...These early stage cancers are localized to the epithelium and have not penetrated the local basement membrane or invaded the surround stroma" (McCance & Huether, 2015, p. 348). _____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells. A. Hypertrophy B. Metaplasia C. Hyperplasia D. Dysplasia - THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54). _________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division. Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________ is the production of growth factors, which stimulate the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and ultimately, to divide. A. Hyperplasia B. Metaplasia C. Dysplasia D. Hypertrophy - The answer is A