CBC 2024 LATEST EXAM UPDATE QUESTIONS(WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS)100% GUARANTEED SUCCESS

What are the components of the CBC? WBC, RBC, platelets, Hemglobin, Hematocrit, RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), RDW, MPV (may also include a WBC differential) What is the normal range for the WBC count? 5,000 - 10,000 /ul What are some possible reasons for leukocytosis? Acute infection (bacterial) Pregnancy Leukemia What are some possible reasons for leukopenia? Chemotherapy Viral infection Aplastic anemia Instead of solely looking at the WBC count, what must you consider when evaluating the hematologic status of a patient? You must consider the individual absolute counts of each leukocyte type rather than the total WBC count. For such a critical evaluation, the first step is to order a CBC with differential. What is the normal range for the RBC count? ~4-6 million Female: 4.2 - 5.5 million/ul Male: 4.6 - 6.2 million/ul What are some possible reasons for high RBC count (polycythemia or erythrocytosis)? Polycythemia vera Dehydration High altitude What are some possible reasons for low RBC count (anemia)? Blood loss (acute or chronic) Leukemia Nutritional Deficiency Hemolysis What is the normal range for hemoglobin (Hgb)? Female: 12-16 g/dL Male: 13-17 g/dL (The normal range of Hgb is highly age & sex-dependent, with men having higher values than women & adults having higher values than children - except neonates, which have the highest values of all.) What is hemoglobin? the oxygen transporting component of the blood. Carries oxygen to the tissues & carbon dioxide back to the lungs. What is the normal range for hematocrit (Hct)? Female: 38-47% Male: 40-54% What is hematocrit? also known as the packed cell volume or PCV. It is a measure of the total volume of the erythrocytes relative to the total volume of whole blood in a sample. What are some possible reasons for a high hemoglobin/hematocrit? Same as high red cell count: Polycythemia vera Dehydration High altitude What are some possible reasons for a low hemoglobin/hematocrit? Same as low red cell count: Blood loss (acute or chronic) Leukemia Nutritional Deficiency Hemolysis What are the red blood cell indices? Mean Cell Volume (MCV) Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, & RBC count are used to mathematically derive the erythrocyte indices.) What does the MCV measure & what is considered normal? Measures average red cell size. Normal: 80-100 femtoliters MCV > 100 fl = macrocytic MCV < 80 fl = microcytic What does the MCH measure? Measures average weight of hemoglobin in red cells What does the MCHC measure & what is considered normal? Measures average concentration of hemoglobin in red cells. Normal: 32-36% MCHC<32% = hypochromic MCHC>36% = laboratory error or red cells are spherocytes What is the normal range for the Platelet Count (Plt)? Normal range: 150,000 - 400,000 (One of the first lines of defense in helping blood to clot) What are some possible reasons for a high platelet count (thrombocytosis)? Post-splenectomy Polycythemia vera Acute blood loss What are some possible reasons for a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia)? Aplastic anemia ITP & TTP DIC What does the RDW measure & when is it useful? Red Cell Distribution Width = a numerical expression which correlates with the degree of anisocytosis (variation in size of the population of red cells). The RDW may be useful in monitoring the therapy for iron deficiency anemia or megaloblastic anemias. As the patient's new, normally sized red cells are produced, the RDW initially increases, but then decreases as the normal cell population becomes the majority. What does the MPV measure? Mean Platelet Volume = a numerical expression of platelet size What is the differential? A process where 100 white blood cells are differentiated. The differential also includes RBC, WBC, & platelet morphology. What are the six normal white blood cells seen in peripheral blood? Band neutrophil (1-5%) Segmented neutrophil (50-70%) Lymphocyte (20-40%) Monocyte (1-10%) Eosinophil (1-3% Basophil (0-1%) What is the primary function of neutrophils? phagocytosis What is the term for an increased number of neutrophils & what are possible causes? Possible causes for Neutrophilia: bacterial infection leukemoid reaction What is the term for a low number of neutrophils & what are possible causes? Possible causes for Neutropenia: viral illness thyroid disorders aplastic anemia What does "a shift to the left mean"? What does "a shift to the right" mean? A large number of immature (band) neutrophils is called "a shift to the left." A large number of segmented neutrophils is called "a shift to the right." What are eosinophils? Pro-inflammatory cells that are capable of either protecting or damaging the host depending on the situation. Their granules are toxic to parasites. What is the term for an increased number of eosinophils & what are possible causes? Possible causes for Eosinophilia: allergic disorders parasitic infections What is the term for a low number of eosinophils & what are possible causes? Possible causes for Eosinopenia: shock trauma surgery What is the primary function of basophils? to enhance the immuno-inflammatory reaction What is the term for an increased number of basophils & what are possible causes? Possible causes for Basophilia: allergic reactions What are the major functions of lymphocytes? Major function depends on the type of lymphocyte. T-cells are involved i