NAVLE Practice Questions with correct Answers

NAVLE Practice Questions with correct Answers A 5 month old boar that is fast growing and heavily muscled is being evaluated because of progressive bilateral lameness of the forelimbs. None of the other animals on the farm are affected. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition? A) Biotin deficiency B) Osteochondrosis C) Porcine Stress Syndrome D) Rickets E) Wobbler syndrome - answerB A) Biotin deficiency- other swine should be affected. Lesions should include hoof deformities and hair loss. B) Osteochondrosis- Lesions are often bilateral and symmetrical and occur in rapidly growing pigs. C) Porcine Stress Syndrome- genetic basis but typically needs a triggering stressful event which is absent in the history. Signs would also include hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, and tremors. D) Rickets- vitamin D deficiency (or phosphorus) more often in swine on pasture. Signs would be likely to affect all limbs with shortening of them, deformities (such as bow legs), and easy frequent fractures. (other swine should be affected) E) Wobbler syndrome- cervical C1-C6 lesion that would show signs in all limbs and is typically worse in the hindlimbs. A 21-day-old Thoroughbred foal was turned into pasture with his dam at 8 am and found dead at 5 pm. There are no signs of external trauma. Post mortem exam shows hepatomegaly with miliary necrotic foci. Which of the following is the most likely cause of death? A) Equine viral arteritis B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis C) Neonatal colibacillosis D) Peracute salmonellosis E) Tyzzer's disease - answerE A) Equine viral arteritis- more likely to cause abortions and respiratory signs. Less likely to cause sudden death. B) Equine viral rhinopneumonitis- Better known as equine herpes virus. Typically more respiratory or neurologic signs are seen, not sudden death. C) Neonatal colibacillosis- Diarrhea disease. D) Peracute salmonellosis- A peracute salmonellosis can result in sudden death. However this is more likely in adults and should not cause the liver changes seen on necropsy. E) Tyzzer's disease- Caused by Clostridium piliforme this disease often impacts young, well-nourished animals. It is characterized by liver necrosis and acute liver failure. A dog's scapula is seen to rise dorsally beneath the skin when the dog bears weight. This finding can be an indication of detachment of which of the following muscles? A) Biceps brachii B) Pectoralis profundus C) Serratus ventralis D) Trapezius E) Triceps brachii - answerC A vaginal smear obtained from a bitch shows epithelial cells with cytoplasmic granules or vacuoles (foam cells) and varying numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. These changes are most consistent with which of the following stages of the estrous cycle? A) Proestrus B) Estrus C) Metestrus D) Diestrus E)Anestrus - answerA) Proestrus- expect to see parabasal to superficial cells, RBCs, and bacteria. B) Estrus- mostly superficial cells with full cornification . C) Metestrus- Not really a thing in the dog/ an alternate term for diestrus maybe. D) Diestrus- expect shift from superficial cells to parabasal or intermediate with WBCs present. E) Anestrus- like diestrus but without WBCs. In the horse, laryngeal hemiplegia may be related to distal degeneration of the nerve supply to the adductor muscle of the vocal fold. Which of the following nerves is most frequently involved? A) Left cranial laryngeal nerve B) Left recurrent laryngeal nerve C) Left vagus nerve D) Right cranial laryngeal nerve E) Right recurrent laryngeal nerve - answerB During a surgical procedure, a tourniquet is applied to a horse's limb at the level of the stifle for the duration of a surgical operation. When the horse recovers from anesthesia. it cannot extend its digit or flex its hock. Which of the following nerves has most likely been affected? A) Femoral nerve B) Fibular (peroneal) nerve C) Ischiatic (sciatic) nerve D) Saphenous nerve E) Tibial nerve - answerB A) Femoral nerve- when damaged: Flexion of stifle with automatic flexion of fetlock and hock B) Fibular (peroneal) nerve- when damaged: Extension of the tarsus, Flexion of the fetlock C) Ischiatic (sciatic) nerve- when damaged: Extension of stifle and hock and flexion of fetlock D) Saphenous nerve- is just a branch of the femoral nerve E) Tibial nerve- when damaged: At rest, the affected limb is held with the tarsus flexed, At rest, the fetlock is resting in a flexed or partly knuckled position Acute snuffles of rabbits on rabbit meat production farms or in labs is caused by which of the following organisms? A) Francisella tularensis B) Mannheimia haemolytica C) Pasteurella multocida D) Staphylococcus aureus - answerC A) Francisella tularensis- lymphadenomegaly, abscesses, not as much respiratory. Important ZOONOSIS agent B) Mannheimia haemolytica- mainly a cattle BRD agent. C) Pasteurella multocida- This is the agent for snuffles. D) Staphylococcus aureus- abscess, mastitis, and pododermatitis. Not respiratory. In a valuable breeding bull, which of the following would be of most concern in a case of trauma to the muzzle, distal third of the nasal septum, and associated hard palate? A) Cosmetic appearance of the bull B) Damaged olfactory mucosa in the rostral part of the nasal cavity C) Damaged vomeronasal organ and loss of estrous detection ability D) Inability to inert a nose ring because of the damage to the muzzle E) Loss of taste buds and associated concern with loss of appetite - answerC During ocular ablation in cattle