HUBS1416 Practice Exam Questions and Answers

HUBS1416 Practice Exam Questions and Answers Which of the following would be expected to inhibit the generation of an action potential? a) Inflammation of the myelin sheath b) Stimulating GABA receptors c) Blocking acetylcholine receptors d) Activating adrenalin receptors -Answer-b) Stimulating GABA receptors Which is true about neurons? a) At rest a neuron will have a negative membrane potential, due to it having more open K+ channels than Na+ channels b) Inhibitory neurons will release their neurotransmitters when they don't have action potentials in their axons, whereas excitatory neurons will release their neurotransmitter when they do have action potentials in their axons c) The dendrites of a neuron are specialised for releasing neurotransmitters d) Action potentials are triggered to move through axons when neurons are hyperpolarised -Answer-a) At rest a neuron will have a negative membrane potential, due to it having more open K+ channels than Na+ channels Glial cells: a) function to send electrical signals b) include oligodendrocytes which form myelin c) activate the formation of cerebrospinal fluid by Schwann cells d) all of these -Answer-b) include oligodendrocytes which form myelin Each of the following is a function of the nervous system, except: a) providing sensation of the internal and external environments. b) integrating sensory information. c) directing activities that continue for extended periods, such as growth and pregnancy. d) coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities. e) regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems. -Answer-c) directing activities that continue for extended periods, such as growth and pregnancy. Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________. a) efferent, PNS b) efferent, CNS c) afferent, CNS d) afferent, PNS -Answer-d) afferent, PNS Opening of sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in: a) depolarisation. b) increased negative charge inside the membrane. c) reestablishing the resting potential. d) repolarisation. -Answer-a) depolarisation. Which of the following is true regarding the Babinski reflex? a) A negative Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or higher centres that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes b) A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or higher centres that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes. c) Plantar flexion is a positive Babinski sign and is normal in adults and infants d) Plantar flexion is a negative Babinski sign and is pathological in adults and infants - Answer-b) A positive Babinski sign in an adult indicates damage to descending motor tracts or higher centres that normally provide inhibition to spinal reflexes. Proprioceptors: a) monitor the positions of joints and muscles. b) monitor the external environment. c) monitor the senses of taste and smell. d) monitor the digestive tract. -Answer-a) monitor the positions of joints and muscles. Which cranial nerve is important for some eye movements, pupillary constriction and eyelid raising? a) Facial (VII) b) Oculoptic (III) c) Oculomotor (III) d) Abducens (VI) -Answer-c) Oculomotor (III) Which is true regarding the function of the ear? a) The semi-circular canals are filled with a fluid to allow sound waves to displace the hair cells b) Activation of the tympanic membrane will result in movement of the ossicles which will be interpreted in the brain as a change in balance c) Movement of hair cells in the cochlea will result in signalling through the vesitbulocochlear nerve to the cerebellum d) None of these are correct -Answer-d) None of these are correct A 30 year-old man sought medical help because his hearing seemed to be deteriorating and he was having a problem with tinnitus. The doctor found significant hearing loss in his right ear. Further investigations showed a tumour growing on a nerve. Which nerve would the tumour have to be on to produce the effects described? a) Cranial nerve III b) Vagus nerve (CN X) c) Cranial nerve VIII d) Cranial nerve V -Answer-c) Cranial nerve VIII Jason is experiencing spastic paralysis in his left arm. This could be explained by: a) a lesion in the upper motor neurons on his right side above the medulla b) All of these options are possible c) a lesion in the lower motor neurons of his right spinal cord d) a stroke affecting his left motor cortex -Answer-a) a lesion in the upper motor neurons on his right side above the medulla Lucinda has shingles. The painful eruptions are around her body in a band at around the level of her belly button (umbilicus). What is the infectious agent, and what spinal nerve is affected in Lucinda's case?