Psychology Themes and Variations, 5th Canadian Edition Wayne Weiten V3

Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Imagine that you have gone to visit your PSYC 1001 professor during his office hours and find out that he has a time machine in his office. He explains that the time machine works, except for a programming glitch that restricts the destination of the machine. This particular time machine can only travel to the laboratories of past psychology researchers. Seeing as you are an avid first-year psychology student, you boldly ask your professor if you can take a ride to a past laboratory. Surprisingly, he agrees, so you hop in, ready to travel back in time. You choose to travel back to Vienna in the early 1900s to talk to Sigmund Freud. You enter his office when he is in a session with a patient. Which of the following would you NOT expect to hear? a. The patient describing the dream she had last night in great detail. b. Freud asking his patient why she believes she dreamed about her cat eating a mouse. c. Freud asking the patient to describe the behaviours of the characters in her dream. d. The patient asking Freud what he thinks of her dream about her cat eating a mouse. ANSWER: b 2. You travel to the office of B. F. Skinner. You ask him how he thinks you can stop your bad habit of biting your nails. What does he suggest you do? a. Scare yourself with stories about terrible illnesses and infections caused by nail-biting. b. Paint a vomit-inducing polish on your nails so you will learn to associate nail-biting with vomiting. c. Reward yourself every time you make it a week without biting your nails. d. Think about the reason why you bite your nails and work to correct that instead. ANSWER: c 3. When you visit _____________, he explains that your roommate is most likely stealing your food because ________________. a. Abraham Maslow; his physiological needs are greater than his need for self-esteem b. Carl Rogers; his physiological needs are greater than his need to be accepted c. Carl Rogers; his need for achievement is greater than his need to be accepted d. Abraham Maslow; he has met the steps of the needs hierarchy before his need to be accepted ANSWER: a 4. You (and most other individuals) are under the impression that humans have the power to choose their own beliefs and behaviours. When you mention this to ____________, he disagrees and you get into a heated argument about your beliefs and his controversial theories. a. Abraham Maslow b. B.F. Skinner c. Wilhelm Wundt d. Sigmund Freud ANSWER: b 5. Raphael and Paxton are roommates. Because they’re both psychology majors, they choose to dress up as their favourite early psychologists for a Halloween party in their building. They also challenge one another to act like these psychologists all night, and the first one to break character has to take out the trash until the end of semester. Raphael’s friend Samantha says that her best friend just started dating the guy Samantha had a crush on. Raphael asks Samantha, “And how did that make you feel?” Who is Raphael dressed as? a. Rene Descartes b. Wilhelm Wundt c. Max Wertheimer d. William James ANSWER: b 6. Paxton is listening to his friend Nadav who is telling him about how worried he is that he will fail his physics class. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 Paxton reassures him by saying, “Our mind expands to accommodate new information. So, keep studying as hard as you can, and you’ll learn the material!” Who is Paxton dressed as? a. Rene Descartes b. E.B. Titchener c. G. Stanley Hall d. William James ANSWER: d 7. Imagine that Paxton is dressed as Wilhelm Wundt and supports the theory of structuralism all evening. Whereas Raphael is dressed as William James and supports functionalism. They get into a few arguments. When their friend Nadav asks them if they agree on anything, how do they respond? a. “No. We are forever doomed to trying to prove each other wrong.” b. “Yes, introspection.” c. “Yes, systematic observation.” d. “Yes, stream of consciousness.” ANSWER: c 8. Lucas is a 4th year student at Carleton studying psychology and is now considering more seriously his future and the career options he has. He is currently completing his undergraduate thesis (a big research project many psychology majors complete before they graduate). Lucas’ research is investigating how subjective feelings of fear activate the autonomic nervous system. If Lucas decides to get a Ph.D. in psychology after he graduates, he is most likely going to be employed in ____________. a. the private sector b. a college or a university c. a hospital or a clinic d. the government ANSWER: a 9. Lucas is not sure about what to do after graduation, so he decides to book an appointment for career counselling. Lucas is going to be meeting with a psychologist specializing in ___________. a. clinical psychology b. counselling psychology c. educational and school psychology d. industrial and organizational psychology ANSWER: b 10. Which major area of contemporary psychology does Lucas’ thesis belong to? a. Social psychology b. Psychometrics c. Physiological psychology d. Cognitive psychology ANSWER: c 11. While conducting his thesis, Lucas made sure that all his research methods were empirical in nature. This means that the conclusions he reached were based on _____________. a. reasoning b. traditional beliefs c. speculation d. observation ANSWER: d 12. Dean, Sam, and Cas are all best friends and decided to dress up as famous psychologists for Halloween. Dean dressed up as Sigmund Freud, Sam dressed as Carl Rogers, and Cas dressed as B.F. Skinner. They decided to not only dress up as those famous psychologists but also adapt their beliefs about psychology for the night. At some point, Dean, Cas, and Sam spend some time talking to their friend Alia who aspires to be a famous singer. What is Cas most likely to say about Alia’s aspiration to become a singer? Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 a. Alia wants to be a singer because she unconsciously craves the attention she didn’t receive from her mother as a child. b. Alia wants to be a singer because she wants to reach her full potential and grow as a person. c. The positive feedback Alia receives from other people when she sings has reinforced her habit of singing. d. Alia was born with an innate talent and passion for music and singing. ANSWER: c 13. At some point, Dean, Cas, and Sam spend some time talking to their friend Alia who aspires to be a famous singer. What is Dean most likely to say about Alia’s aspiration to become a singer? a. Alia wants to be a singer because she unconsciously craves the attention she didn’t receive from her mother as a child. b. Alia wants to be a singer because she wants to fulfill her full potential and grow as a person. c. The positive feedback Alia receives from other people after she sings has reinforced her habit of singing. d. Alia was born with an innate talent and passion for music and singing. ANSWER: a 14. At some point, Dean, Cas, and Sam spend some time talking to their friend Alia who aspires to be a famous singer. What is Sam most likely to say about Alia’s aspiration to become a singer? a. Alia wants to be a singer because she unconsciously craves the attention she didn’t receive from her mother. b. Alia wants to be a singer because she wants to fulfill her full potential and grow as a person. c. The positive feedback Alia receives from other people after she sings has reinforced her habit of singing. d. Alia was born with an innate talent and passion for music and singing. ANSWER: b 15. Later in the night, Sam gets into an argument with Dean. What are they most likely going to argue about? a. Sam is going to accuse Dean of being too negative and only seeing the worst in people. b. Dean is going to accuse Sam of being too negative and only seeing the worst in people. c. Dean thinks nature has a bigger impact on behaviour than nurture and Sam thinks the opposite. d. Sam thinks nature has a bigger impact on behaviour than nurture and Dean thinks the opposite. ANSWER: a 16. Sam, Dean, and Cas get into a philosophical argument about freedom. Which of the three friends is most likely to say that humans do not have free will and that we are all products of our environment? a. Sam, who is dressed up as Carl Rogers. b. Dean, who is dressed up as Sigmund Freud. c. Cas, who is dressed up as B.F. Skinner. d. All three of them are equally likely to say this. ANSWER: c 17. During the party, Jason tries to light up a candle with a match and burns his finger in front of Sam, Dean, and Cas. Which of the three friends is most likely to predict that Jason will not use another match ever again out of fear of burning his finger again? a. Sam, who is dressed up as Carl Rogers. b. Cas, who is dressed up as B.F. Skinner. c. Dean, who is dressed up as Sigmund Freud. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 d. All three of them are equally likely to predict this. ANSWER: b 18. During the party, Sarah gets upset and ends up sobbing uncontrollably in the bathroom. Which of the three friends is most likely to go to her, empathetically listen to her and treat her with unconditional positive regard? a. Sam, who is dressed up as Carl Rogers. b. Cas, who is dressed up as B.F. Skinner. c. Dean, who is dressed up as Sigmund Freud d. None of them is likely to do this. ANSWER: a 19. The three friends get into an argument about what drives human behaviour. Which of them is most likely to say that in order to fully understand someone’s behaviour, we need to consider that person’s fundamental drive towards personal growth? a. Sam, who is dressed up as Carl Rogers. b. Cas, who is dressed up as B.F. Skinner. c. Dean, who is dressed up as Sigmund Freud. d. All three of them are equally likely to say this. ANSWER: a 20. During the party, Adam walks over to where Sam, Dean, and Cas are talking. He notices that Sam has finished his drink and asks, “Can I kill your cup? I mean, fill your cup!” Which of the three friends is most likely to come up to the conclusion that Adam secretly hates Sam? a. Sam, who is dressed up as Carl Rogers. b. Cas, who is dressed up as B.F. Skinner. c. Dean, who is dressed up as Sigmund Freud. d. All three of them are equally likely to reach this conclusion. ANSWER: c 21. Presho is a first-year psychology student at Carleton University. She moved to Ottawa from Calgary and has not yet made many friends in her classes. She decides to attend a games night meet-and-greet organized by the Psychology Society of Carleton University (PSCU) to connect with other Carleton psychology undergraduates. It just so happens that members of the Psychology Graduate Student Association (PGSA), are also attending. Presho decides to chat with as many students as possible to figure out what they like and dislike about their programs so far. Presho meets a fourth-year undergraduate named Chelsie. Chelsie is volunteering on a project that is exploring the difference between transformational leadership and ethical leadership on the well-being of employees in the workplace. Chelsie’s study is related to which stream of psychology research? a. Health b. Applied social c. Industrial/Organizational d. Forensic ANSWER: c 22. Presho recognizes Vasia, her PSYC1001 teaching assistant, at the event. Vasia mentions she is completing a degree in neuroscience, but will also finish with a minor in psychology. She is most interested in studying the action of neurotransmitters in the pleasure centre of the brain. Vasia is fascinated by ________ psychology. a. biological b. evolutionary c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic Name: Class: Date: Chapter 1 - The Evolution of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 ANSWER: a 23. Presho meets Matt, who is a Ph.D. candidate who is studying the mental processes that students of varying ability (children, high schoolers, and university students) use to learn new math problems. Matt studies are related to which psychological approach? a. Behaviourism b. Cognitive c. Sociocultural d. Evolutionary ANSWER: b 24. Presho recognizes a girl who lives in her residence named Erin. Erin is a Masters candidate who is looking at the psychological effects of skinny- and fat-shaming both when the individual hears it in person and experiences it via social media communication. Erin’s study is focused in the ________ stream of psychology. a. evolutionary b. human-computer interaction c. applied social d. biological ANSWER: c 25. Keltie is the president of the PGSA. She mentions to Presho that she is almost finished with her Ph.D. and is currently writing up the results of her final project, which explored the effects of child eyewitness testimony on jury decisionmaking. Keltie is studying __________ psychology. a. sociocultural b. evolutionary c. forensic d. cognitive ANSWER: c Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Arash wants to examine the relationship between stress and eating when someone is on a diet. He recruits an equal number of male and female participants to respond to a questionnaire about their eating habits, their typical mood, and their overall anxiety levels. Arash ensures half of his male participants and half of his female participants are on a diet and the other half are not. After the questionnaire, all participants are randomly assigned to complete one of two tasks. Half of the participants solve a difficult math problem in front of a group of math professors within a certain time limit. The other participants solve a simple arithmetic problem in a waiting area alone, with no time limit. After they perform the task, all participants are asked to complete one more questionnaire about their stress level while sitting next to a box of Timbits. Arash tells the participants to help themselves to the Timbits, and secretly counts how many Timbits the participant actually eats. Which of the following is the most likely to be a hypothesis for Arash’s experiment? a. If someone is on a diet they will eat more when they are stressed. b. Food and stress are positively correlated. c. There is no difference between participants who are and those who are not in a diet. d. Stress is the primary reason why people break their diets. ANSWER: a 2. What type of study is Arash conducting? a. Naturalistic observation b. Case study c. Survey d. Experiment ANSWER: d 3. What is the independent variable in Arash’s study? a. The participants’ gender. b. The participants’ eating habits. c. The task difficulty. d. How many Timbits the participant eats. ANSWER: c 4. What is the dependent variable in Arash’s study? a. The participants’ gender. b. The participants’ eating habits. c. The task difficulty. d. How many Timbits the participant eats. ANSWER: d 5. The control group in Arash’s experiment includes only the _____ who performed the ___ math task. a. dieters; easy b. dieters; difficult c. non-dieters; easy d. non-dieters; difficult ANSWER: c 6. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a confounding variable in Arash’s experiment? a. The gender of the participants b. The math skill of the participants c. The dietary restrictions of the participants d. The shyness level of the participants ANSWER: a 7. Arash found that regardless of whether the female participants were on a diet or not, there was a correlation of +0.70 between their reported stress level and the number of Timbits they ate. This is an example of a _____ correlation. a. strong b. moderate c. weak d. significant ANSWER: a Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 8. The correlation between the number of Timbits the participants ate and how stressed they reported feeling is +0.70. What does this mean? a. There is not enough information given to answer the question. b. Participants who were most stressed generally ate more Timbits. c. Participants who were least stressed generally ate more Timbits. d. Participants ate a lot of Timbits regardless of how stressed they felt. ANSWER: b 9. What is an advantage of the type of study Arash performed? a. It is easy and fast to perform such a study. b. You can get a lot of detailed information about the participants. c. You can establish causal relationships between variables. d. Any change in the dependent variable is entirely due to the independent variable(s). ANSWER: c 10. Castiel is a psychologist who is interested in seeing how autonomic nervous system responses are related to subjective feelings of fear. Half the participants in Castiel’s experiment watch a 10-minute graphic and violent video and the other half watch a 10-minute video of a baby kitten. While the participants are watching the video, Castiel gathers measurements of their skin conductance. After they finish watching the video the participants answer a questionnaire about their level of fear after watching the video as well as how they generally react to horror movies. In Castiel’s experiment what is the independent variable? a. The participants’ skin conductance. b. The video the participants watched. c. The participants’ general attitude towards horror movies. d. The participants’ sex. ANSWER: b 11. In Castiel’s experiment what is the dependent variable? a. The participants’ skin conductance. b. The video the participants watched. c. The participants’ criminal record. d. The participants’ sex. ANSWER: a 12. While watching the violent video one of the participants becomes very distressed and asks to leave. What should Castiel do? a. Allow the participant to leave. b. Tell the participant they can’t leave because they signed an informed consent. c. Allow the participant five minutes to calm down and resume the experiment. d. Have the participant watch the kitten video instead. ANSWER: a 13. When looking at his results, Castiel notices that a large majority of his participants responded that they generally enjoy watching horror movies. The distribution of these participants in terms of their enjoyment of horror movies would be a ______________. a. symmetrical distribution b. positively skewed distribution Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 c. negatively skewed distribution d. a skewed distribution, but we can’t tell whether it’s positively or negatively skewed unless we see the graph ANSWER: c 14. What type of testing is the skin conductance test Castiel performed on the participants? a. Psychometric b. Neuroscientific c. Medical d. Physiological ANSWER: d 15. Which is the control group in the study? a. Participants who watched the violent video. b. Participants who watched the kitten video. c. Participants who watched the violent video and had low violent tendency scores. d. Participants who watched the kitty video and had low violent tendency scores. ANSWER: b 16. Castiel’s hypothesis in the experiment is: “If participants watch the _____ video their skin conductance will be ______ than those watching the other video and this will be _____ correlated with their subjective feelings of fear” a. kitten; lower; negatively b. violent; higher; positively c. violent; lower; negatively d. kitten; higher; positively ANSWER: b 17. Castiel measured the participants’ general violent tendencies in an attempt to control for ________. a. participants’ reactivity levels b. extraneous variables c. confounding variables d. response bias ANSWER: c 18. Castiel analyzes his results and comes to the conclusion that there is a strong positive correlation between subjective feelings of fear and autonomic nervous system response. What would be his next step? a. Present his data at a conference. b. Publish his data in a scientific journal. c. Obtain ethics approval. d. Publish his data in a textbook. ANSWER: b 19. Before dividing his participants into those who watched violent videos versus those who watched kitten videos, Castiel notices that the distribution of his participants’ skin conductance scores appears to be normal. The distribution of these participants in terms of their skin conductance would be a ________. a. symmetrical distribution b. positively skewed distribution c. negatively skewed distribution d. a skewed distribution, but we can’t tell whether it’s positively or negatively skewed unless we see the graph. ANSWER: a 20. Jordan is a developmental psychologist who studies bullying and aggression in elementary school students. Her days often consist of spending time in the schoolyard with the children and making careful notes of their interactions. She pays particular attention to incidents of bullying in the schoolyard and is trying to find personality characteristics that are Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 associated with bullying. In her most recent study, she found that being a bully is negatively correlated with academic performance at the 0.05 level of significance. What type of research is Jordan conducting? a. Experimental b. Naturalistic Observation c. Case Study d. Direct Observation ANSWER: b 21. Which of the following is an accurate representation of Jordan’s findings in her latest study? a. Being a bully causes a child to have bad grades. b. Having bad grades causes a child to be a bully. c. There is an association between being a bully and having low grades. d. There is no significant association between being a bully and having low grades. ANSWER: c 22. When performing a statistical analysis of acts of aggression she observed, Jordan plots her data against aggressive personality traits and notices a positively skewed distribution. This means that Bob (who has the most aggressive traits of any child in the schoolyard) instigated ______________________. a. more acts of aggression than other students at the school b. fewer acts of aggression than other students at the school c. exactly the same amount of acts of aggression as other students at the school d. acts of aggression, but we cannot make any inferences based only on the shape of the distribution ANSWER: b 23. Jordan’s results in her latest study are _____________. a. statistically significant b. theoretically significant c. practically significant d. statistically, theoretically, and practically significant ANSWER: a 24. Which of the following is widely considered the greatest limitation in Jordan’s experiment? a. The halo effect, which leads Jordan to be too lenient when she rates children’s aggressive behaviours. b. Jordan does not know the children well enough to make inferences about their behaviours. c. Jordan cannot reliably explain any patterns of behaviour she might observe. d. The setting where Jordan makes her observations is contrived and relatively artificial. ANSWER: c 25. Which of the following is an advantage to Jordan’s study? a. She can accumulate deep knowledge about each child, which will allow her to assess cause-and-effect relationships. b. It is relatively easy to collect systematic and consistent observations and translate it to numerical data. c. It can be a good starting point when little is known about a certain phenomenon. d. There is relatively small chance of having an experimenter or sampling bias. ANSWER: c 26. To reduce the chance of reactivity Jordan should ________________. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 a. observe the children from a distance and not interact with them b. tell the children that she is studying something unrelated to what she is actually studying c. get to know each child personally before she starts observing them d. talk to the teachers in advance so she knows which students to pay more attention to ANSWER: a 27. One of the teachers wants to talk to Jordan about the students. What should Jordan do? a. Listen to the teacher and include the teacher’s opinion in her data. b. Avoid talking to the teacher to eliminate the possibility of experimenter bias. c. Recruit the teacher to make observations about the students with her. d. Avoid talking to the teacher due to ethical concerns. ANSWER: b 28. Which of the following represents an operational definition of bullying Jordan could use in her study? a. The aggressive personality traits for each student. b. The number of times a student attempted to assault another student. c. A student’s general aggressive attitude towards other students. d. A combination of a student’s general aggressive attitude and how the other students viewed them. ANSWER: b 29. Which of the following was the control group in Jordan’s latest study? a. The students who were not aggressive. b. The students who were aggressive. c. The students who were aggressive, but had good grades. d. There was no control group. ANSWER: d 30. Janus wanted to see if people are more attracted to individuals with symmetrical faces compared to individuals with asymmetrical faces. Janus recruited heterosexual male and female participants for his experiment. Janus showed the participants pictures of people whose faces were modified to be more symmetrical or less symmetrical than they actually are and asked the participants to press a green button if they found the picture attractive and a red button if they did not. The participants were shown a single picture at a time and each picture was shown to them for five seconds. Which of the following is a dependent variable in Janus’ experiment? a. The sex of the participants. b. The sexual orientation of the participants. c. The button selections the participants make. d. The picture the participant was shown. ANSWER: c 31. Which of the following is the independent variable in Janus’ study? a. The sex of the participants. b. The sexual orientation of the participants. c. The button selections the participants make. d. The photos each participant was shown. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6 ANSWER: d 32. Which of the following is a possible confounding variable? a. The participants’ sex b. The participants’ sexual orientation. c. The participants’ own appearance. d. The participants’ culture and ethnicity. ANSWER: d 33. Janus found a strong positive correlation between face symmetry and how attractive the face was perceived by participants. This means that __________________________. a. humans are more likely to be attracted to someone with a symmetrical face b. humans will not be attracted to someone unless they have a symmetrical face c. Face symmetry is the most important factor in human attraction d. if you have a symmetrical face it will be easier to get a date ANSWER: a 34. What type of research did Janus perform? a. Naturalistic observation. b. Experimental. c. Psychometric test. d. Physiological test. ANSWER: b 35. What is Janus’ operational definition of attractiveness? a. The symmetry of a face. b. The likelihood of a participant pressing the green button in response to a face. c. The asymmetry of a face. d. The likelihood of a participant pressing the green button in response to an asymmetrical face. ANSWER: b 36. Rhea is in graduate school studying social psychology and is doing research on the social desirability bias. In her experiment, participants are first asked to fill out a survey about how honest they are. They are then told to take a seat in the hallway (where there is only one chair) before the next part of their experiment. Unbeknownst to the participants, the chair is modified and will break the moment someone sits on it. Also, the waiting room is being filmed by a hidden camera. Half of the participants sit on the chair and break it. For the other half of the participants, a confederate walks in at the same time as the participant and sits on the chair before the participant has the chance. The confederate breaks the chair and leaves immediately after without saying anything to the participant. In both cases, after 10 minutes, Rhea comes out and asks the participant about the chair and records whether they lied or not. According to the social desirability bias, participants will typically score _______________. a. higher on the honesty measure in the survey compared to the interview b. lower on the honesty measure in the survey compared to the interview c. the same on the honesty measure in the survey compared to the interview d. in a manner that is correlated with their personality and not with other participants’ responses ANSWER: a 37. What should Rhea do after the end of the experiment? a. Have the participants sign a confidentiality agreement. b. Debrief the participants about the deception. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7 c. Make sure not to mention the deception to avoid sample bias. d. Offer the participants a monetary reward in exchange for their suffering. ANSWER: b 38. What is the independent variable in Rhea’s experiment? a. The participants’ scores in the honesty survey. b. Whether or not the participants lied after the chair broke. c. Whether the participant or the confederate broke the chair. d. How sincere the participants looked when they lied, if they lied. ANSWER: c 39. What is the dependent variable in Rhea’s experiment? a. The participants’ scores in the honesty survey. b. Whether or not the participants lied after the chair broke. c. Whether or not the chair would break. d. How sincere the participants looked when they lied. ANSWER: b 40. How are the participants most likely going to react after they find out about the deception? a. They will experience significant distress. b. They will find it amusing and laugh about it. c. They will be less likely to participate in other psychology experiments. d. They will be very angry and aggressive towards Rhea. ANSWER: b 41. In order to avoid experimenter bias, which of the following phrases should Rhea NOT use when asking the participants who sat down the chair and broke it? a. “Did you break the chair?” b. “Why did you break the chair?” c. “Do you know what happened to the chair?” d. “Did someone else walk in and break the chair?” ANSWER: d 42. What could Rhea do to avoid experimenter bias? a. Have someone else ask participants what happened to the chair. b. Talk only to the participants in the control group. c. Ensure an equal number of male and female participants. d. Avoid looking in the participants’ eyes when she talks to them. ANSWER: a 43. Fidan is studying a model of obesity. For her experiment, Fidan uses three groups of 31 rats each that are given either (1) 24-hour access to high calorie treat food in addition to their normal chow, (2) restricted 8-hour access to high calorie treat food and 24-hour access to their normal chow, or (3) 24-hour access to only their normal chow. Every day, Fidan weighs the animals and carefully takes note of the amount and type of food each animal has consumed. At the end of the experiment, Fidan performs surgery on all the animals and notices that the animals that put on the most weight showed Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8 noticeable differences in their hypothalamus compared to the rest of the rats. Which is the control group in Fidan’s experiment? a. The rats that had 24-hour access to both high calorie treat food and their normal chow. b. The rats that had restricted access to high calorie treat food and unlimited access to their normal chow. c. The rats that had unlimited access only to their normal chow. d. There was no control group. ANSWER: c 44. What was the dependent variable in Fidan’s experiment? a. The amount of time the rats had access to high-calorie treat food. b. The type of food the rats consumed. c. The group each rat belonged to. d. The weight of the rats at the end of the experiment. ANSWER: d 45. Which of the following is a hypothesis for Fidan’s experiment? a. If rats are given more access to high calorie treat food they will put on more weight. b. More access to cafeteria style food causes rats to put on more weight. c. There is a correlation between how much access a rat is given to high calorie treat food and their weight. d. The hypothalamus of rats is associated with the consumption of high calorie treat food. ANSWER: a 46. Every day, Fidan weighs each rat. What does it mean when she says one of the rats scores at the 70th percentile of weight? a. The rat has 70% more weight than the average. b. The rat weighs more than 70% of the other rats. c. The rat weighs less than 70% of the other rats. d. The rat weighs more than 30% of the other rats. ANSWER: b 47. Which of the following represents the mode in Fidan’s experiment? a. The weight that the most rats had at the end of the experiment. b. The weight of the heaviest rat at the end of the experiment. c. The weight that exactly half the rats have at the end of the experiment. d. The weight that was equal to the central point of the weight distribution. ANSWER: a 48. Which of the following represents the median weight of all the rats in Fidan’s experiment? a. The weight that the most rats had at the end of the experiment. b. The weight of the heaviest rat at the end of the experiment. c. The weight of the 47th heaviest rat at the end of the experiment. d. The weight that was equal to the central point of the weight distribution. ANSWER: c Name: Class: Date: Chapter 2 - The Research Enterprise of Psychology Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9 Name: Class: Date: Chapter 3 - The Biological Basis of Behaviour Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Mirna is walking home from school and decides to take a shortcut across a small park. As she is walking, a large dog comes running towards her, barking loudly. Mirna is terrified and feels her heart beating hard in her chest and her breathing becomes more erratic. The dog’s owner comes over quickly and takes the dog away. Luckily, Mirna is not injured. She then goes home and tells the story to her roommate. Which part of Mirna’s nervous system was activated when she saw the dog? a. Her sympathetic nervous system b. Her parasympathetic nervous system c. Her afferent nervous system d. Her efferent nervous system ANSWER: a 2. Which neurotransmitter is most likely to have been released in Mirna’s nervous system when she saw the dog? a. Epinephrine b. Dopamine c. Norepinephrine d. Adrenaline ANSWER: c 3. Which part of Mirna’s endocrine system was activated during the incident? a. Her ovaries b. Her pancreas c. Her adrenal glands d. Her thyroid gland ANSWER: c 4. If Mirna was in an fMRI machine during her encounter with the dog, which of the following brain areas would show the biggest activation? a. Her hippocampus b. Her amygdala c. Her frontal lobe d. Her thalamus ANSWER: b 5. Which part of Mirna’s nervous system was activated while she was sitting on the couch and telling the story to her roommate? a. Her sympathetic nervous system b. Her parasympathetic nervous system c. Her afferent nervous system d. Her efferent nervous system ANSWER: b 6. If Mirna was in an fMRI machine while she was telling the story with the dog incident to her roommate, which of the following brain areas would show the biggest activation? a. Her hippocampus b. Her amygdala c. Her hypothalamus d. Her thalamus ANSWER: a 7. Brian is a 70-year-old man who has recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease. Because Alzheimer’s Disease has a genetic component, Brian is worried that his family is also at risk of developing the neurological disorder. As the disorder progresses Brian has a difficult time remembering details about his personal life or even recognizing his own son. Which of the following is most likely implicated with the emergence of Brian’s Alzheimer’s Disease? a. Deterioration of his glial tissue b. Deterioration of his neuronal dendrites c. Deterioration of his neuronal axons d. Deterioration of his neuronal synapses ANSWER: a 8. Brian’s doctor wants to examine his brain activity while he is performing simple mental operations to determine how Name: Class: Date: Chapter 3 - The Biological Basis of Behaviour Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 widespread the effect of the disorder has progressed. Which of the following tests is the doctor most likely going to request Brian to take? a. CT scan b. MRI scan c. fMRI scan d. EEG ANSWER: c 9. Brian’s doctor wants to examine Brian’s brain structure and needs a three-dimensional, high-resolution image to determine the physical progression of the disorder. Which of the following tests is the doctor most likely going to request that Brian take? a. CT scan b. MRI scan c. fMRI scan d. EEG ANSWER: b 10. In response to his disorder, Brian develops depression and his doctor prescribes an SSRI for him. This medication works by ________________. a. increasing the overall production of serotonin b. increasing the release of serotonin from the dendrites c. blocking serotonin from leaving the synaptic cleft d. blocking serotonin from being released by the pre-synaptic neurons ANSWER: c 11. In response to his disorder, Brian develops depression and his doctor prescribes an SSRI for him. Apart from serotonin, low levels of _________ are also implicated in the development of depression. a. GABA b. acetylcholine c. norepinephrine d. dopamine ANSWER: c 12. Malcolm had been a professional hockey player with a great sense of his position in space. Even after retiring from professional hockey Malcom continued to play in seniors’ hockey leagues. During one of those seniors games, John (a player on the opposite team) knocked Malcolm to the ice and Malcolm hit his head hard enough to acquire brain damage. After the accident, John developed an enormous amount of guilt, which prompted him to enrol in Introduction to Psychology to learn more about brain function and neuroscience. Malcolm relies on his ______ lobe to be aware of his and his teammates’ position in space. a. frontal b. temporal c. occipital d. parietal ANSWER: d 13. Malcolm relies on his ______ to help him balance on his skates. a. cerebellum b. corpus callosum c. cerebrum d. spinal cord ANSWER: a 14. In order to assess the brain damage, Malcolm’s doctor needs to view an image from the left side of his brain, so he orders a _______ PET scan. a. transaxial b. coronal c. sagittal d. tomographic Name: Class: Date: Chapter 3 - The Biological Basis of Behaviour Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 ANSWER: c 15. Ever since the accident Malcolm can no longer concentrate and his smoking habit has increased. This is could be because the nicotine in the cigarettes is an agonist for_____ and causes _____. a. acetylcholine,PSPs b. acetylcholine,IPSPs c. serotonin,PSPs d. serotonin,IPSPs ANSWER: a 16. Malcolm is diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia. When asked why he is in the hospital, how is he likely to respond? a. “I don’t know I don’t remember anything since I woke up the day of the game.” b. “Head…no good…speech can’t say talk you know?” c. “…” Malcolm will react as if he heard nothing. d. “I’m happy are you pretty? You look tomato!” ANSWER: b 17. Malcolm is diagnosed with Broca’s aphasia. Which part of his brain is likely to be damaged? a. Left side of the frontal lobe b. Right side of the frontal lobe c. Left side of the temporal lobe d. Right side of the temporal lobe ANSWER: a 18. When John visits Malcolm in the hospital he jokes and says “At least your medulla was not damaged.” This is because if the medulla was damaged, Malcolm ____________________. a. would not be able to experience sexual interest ever again b. would lose his ability for voluntary motor movement and develop Parkinson’s c. would die because he wouldn’t be able to breathe anymore d. would no longer experience fear ANSWER: c 19. John is trying to make Malcolm feel better. John tells Malcolm that he will soon be back to normal because brains are plastic and neurogenesis will eventually take place. Is John correct? a. No, neurogenesis never happens to adult humans. b. No, plasticity is not unlimited and the brain’s plasticity declines with age. c. Yes, neural wiring in the brain is flexible and constantly evolving. d. Yes, stem cells exist in the adult brain, so neurogenesis is unlimited. ANSWER: b 20. John is trying to impress Malcolm with his neuroscience knowledge, but fails to remember many of the details he studied. Quite accurately, he blames this on his ______________. a. hippocampus b. frontal lobe c. hypothalamus d. reticular formation ANSWER: a 21. Diem is pregnant with identical twins. She also suffers from schizophrenia. When her sons Wes and Cam are 19 years old, Wes is diagnosed with schizophrenia, but Cam is not. The twins are also different in personality: Wes is very impulsive, indulgent, and not very good at planning, while Cam is more reserved. When they have a conversation, Wes Name: Class: Date: Chapter 3 - The Biological Basis of Behaviour Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 usually does all the talking and Cam the listening. Diem researched online and saw that one possible etiology of schizophrenia is excessive ___________. a. acetylcholine and impaired neural-glial communication b. acetylcholine and excessive neural pruning in the frontal lobe c. dopamine and impaired neural-glial communication d. dopamine and excessive neural pruning in the frontal lobe ANSWER: d 22. While Diem is pregnant, she worries that her children are also going to suffer from schizophrenia. Trying to calm her down you present her with research that suggests that _______________. a. because they are twins at least one of them will not have the disorder b. if they diagnose the disorder early they can completely cure it c. schizophrenia has a very weak genetic link d. they will not inherit the disorder, but only a vulnerability to it ANSWER: d 23. To trigger contractions during birth, Diem’s _________________. a. pituitary gland released endorphins b. hypothalamus released endorphins c. pituitary gland released oxytocin d. hypothalamus released oxytocin ANSWER: c 24. Wes and Cam are ____ twins who share ____ of their DNA. a. monozygotic, 100% b. monozygotic, 50% c. dizygotic, 100% d. dizygotic, 50% ANSWER: a 25. What is a possible explanation for why only Wes was diagnosed with schizophrenia? a. Medical error. Since they are identical twins they should both be diagnosed with the disorder or not diagnosed with the disorder. b. Wes experienced some type of traumatic brain injury and Cam did not. c. Wes was closer to his mother and used her as a model in behavioural learning. d. Wes experienced epigenetic changes that altered his phenotype. ANSWER: d 26. Wes jokes that Cam has overactive pleasure centres. Which brain structure is Wes referring to? a. The medial forebrain bundle b. The reticular formation c. The prefrontal cortex d. The pituitary gland ANSWER: a 27. What is one possible reason for Wes’ impulsive and indulgent personality at age 19? a. His neurons are not fully myelinated yet. b. His frontal lobe has not fully developed yet. c. His cerebrum has not fully developed yet. d. He is experiencing major synaptic pruning. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 3 - The Biological Basis of Behaviour Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 ANSWER: b 28. Based on their communication patterns, fill in the following analogy. Wes is to Cam as ______ are to _______. a. glial cells, terminal buttons b. synaptic vesicles, synapses c. somas, myelin sheaths d. axons, dendrites ANSWER: d Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Diana (aka Wonder Woman) wakes up one morning to discover that her life will never be the same. Diana realizes that she possesses superhuman abilities—her senses and perceptions now surpass those of ordinary people! Though she does not want to show off or become the subject of government or military scientific experiments, Diana cannot help but explore her newfound powers and abilities. At first it overwhelms her, but with practice, she is able to control her superpowers. Walking down the street, Diana hears beautiful music playing clearly. Strangely enough, it seems like no one else around her can hear it. Diana can hear the music because she can detect stimuli that are ____________ of the average human. a. above the absolute threshold b. below the absolute threshold c. below the just noticeable difference threshold d. above the just noticeable difference threshold ANSWER: b 2. While waiting in line at the bank, Diana hears a quiet ticking sound that no one else seems to hear. Diana follows the sound and finds a bomb in the washroom. Diana’s ____________. a. subliminal perception is above average b. subliminal perception is below average c. conscious perception is above average d. conscious perception is below average ANSWER: a 3. Have you ever waved at someone you thought was your friend, but it turned out to be a total stranger? Diana never embarrasses herself like that anymore. According to signal detection theory, she now has a 100% _____ rate when it comes to recognizing faces at a distance, whereas in the past, she had an embarrassing number of _________ without her glasses on. a. hit, false alarms b. hit, misses c. success, false alarms d. success, misses ANSWER: a 4. Diana has discovered that the rods of her eyes work much better, too. What does this mean for her ability to see? a. She can easily walk through a dark forest. b. The colours she sees are so much more vibrant. c. She can see through objects and people, like having x-ray vision. d. She can read a book from one kilometre away. ANSWER: a 5. Diana’s perceptual reality allows her to see the full spectrum of light frequencies. This means she can see not only the colours average humans can perceive, but also the ________ and the __________ spectrums. a. monochromatic, trichromatic b. electromagnetic, X-ray c. ultraviolet, infrared d. light, dark ANSWER: c 6. Even though she has superhuman skills, Diana is still human. It is a fortunate thing that she still feels pain because _____________________. a. it helps her to cultivate more compassion for her fellow human beings b. it is vital and a cautionary system that notifies us when something is wrong c. without pain, she would become heartless and cruel to humankind d. she is a masochist and loves pain more than the average human should Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 ANSWER: b 7. Diana can still feel pain. However, her powers allow her to close the __________ in the spinal cord to impede any pain she does not want to experience. a. “bridge” b. “door” c. “gate” d. “portal” ANSWER: c 8. Mitch is an optometrist and his niece has asked him to come to school to talk about his profession at a job fair. Mitch is trying to impress his niece’s classmates by telling them cool things about ocular health and the way the visual system works. Mitch tells the children that hawks who hunt during the day have more ______ and great ________. a. cones, visual acuity b. cones, peripheral vision c. rods, visual acuity d. rods, peripheral vision ANSWER: a 9. One of the students asks Mitch why our brains want to recognize faces. Mitch tells him that it is likely an evolutionary advantage because it helped our ancestors ________________. a. recognize males from females in order to find a mate b. recognize friend from foe c. recognize members of a different clan d. recognize emotional facial expressions ANSWER: b 10. Mitch starts explaining how we are able to see and begins by explaining the way light works. He explains that humans are able to see variation in the saturation of colours due to differences in the ______ of light. a. speed b. amplitude c. wavelength d. purity ANSWER: d 11. Mitch explains to the children how there are some creatures that can see certain shades of ultraviolet light that humans cannot. This is because those creatures can detect light with a ______ than the light humans can detect. a. higher amplitude b. higher wavelength c. lower amplitude d. lower wavelength ANSWER: d 12. Mitch tells the children how their eyes are constantly moving and tells them that if their eyes ever stopped moving (even for a second) while watching Mitch, then ___________________. a. Mitch would appear to be much larger than he actually is b. Mitch would “fade from view” and they would not see him anymore c. Mitch would look a lot less clear, like a low definition video d. Mitch would appear to be much further away than he actually is ANSWER: b 13. Mitch tries to explain the visual pathway in the brain to the children. Which type of cell would fire in response to a straight line of a specific width and orientation in the right hand corner of the receptive field? a. Simple cells in the primary visual cortex. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 b. Complex cells in the primary visual cortex. c. Simple cells in the occipital lobe. d. Complex cells in the occipital lobe. ANSWER: a 14. Peter is a retired neuroscientist who has painted as a hobby his whole life. He likes to think that he has implemented his science in his art and that he scientifically produces the best paintings possible. He also firmly believes that colours can drastically influence one’s mood and behaviour. Now that he has retired, he hosts wine and painting nights at his house and he invites friends over to teach them a bit about painting. Unfortunately, Peter pokes himself in the eye and has to wear an eye patch while his eye recovers. What will be missing from Peter’s paintings while his eye heals? a. pictorial depth cues b. motion parallax c. linear perspective d. retinal disparity ANSWER: d 15. During one of their gatherings, Peter teaches his friends all about subtractive and additive mixing. In subtracting mixing, you mix ________ some wavelengths of light. a. paint and remove b. paint and superimpose c. light and remove d. light and superimpose ANSWER: a 16. In one of their gatherings, Peter teaches his friends all about subtractive and additive mixing. In additive mixing you mix _______ some wavelengths of light. a. paint and remove b. paint and superimpose c. light and remove d. light and superimpose ANSWER: d 17. Peter also has grapheme-colour synesthesia. This means that _________________. a. when he sees a specific colour, he also can hear a pleasant melody b. when he tastes something sweet and closes his eyes, he sees pretty colour c. when he sees the number 8, he perceives it to be yellow even when it’s not d. when he paints with blue colours, he experiences sad emotions ANSWER: c 18. Peter’s friend Paula tells him that she knows more about the trichromatic theory of colour vision than he does. She gives him four arguments supporting the trichromatic theory. Peter tells her that one of her arguments is wrong. Which of the following is NOT correct? a. The trichromatic theory explains the afterimage phenomenon very well. b. The trichromatic theory accounts for colour blindness. c. Colour TVs and screen monitors operate on principles of the trichromatic theory. d. Trichromatic theory demonstrates that any colour is a mix of three primary colours. ANSWER: a 19. Sandra has wanted to be famous ever since she was a little girl, and she will do anything to be on TV. Her latest obsession is the X-Factor. Sandra is determined to be on the show despite not being the best singer. Her audition does not go as well as she would have hoped and Simon Cowell, one of the judges on the show, makes some nasty comments towards her. Those comments do not deter Sandra, and she even talks back to Simon Cowell. Simon Cowell tells Sandra Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4 to sing in lower decibels. Therefore, he is telling Sandra to alter the ______ of her voice. a. wavelength b. intensity c. loudness d. amplitude ANSWER: d 20. Simon Cowell tells Sandra her voice is so high, human ears can no longer detect it. If that was true, then Sandra’s voice would be higher than _____ Hz! a. 10,000 b. 20,000 c. 30,000 d. 40,000 ANSWER: b 21. Simon Cowell tells Sandra that he wishes the part of his brain that is the first point of entry for sound was dead so he would not have to perceive her singing. Simon is referring to his ________________. a. thalamus b. primary auditory cortex c. temporal lobes d. prefrontal cortex ANSWER: a 22. Simon complains that his inner ear hurts after her performance. Simon is referring to his ___________. a. pinna b. auditory canal c. eardrum d. cochlea ANSWER: d 23. Sandra responds to Simon’s criticism by saying that she is confident in her singing ability and claims that she has the brain of a musician. If Sandra’s statement is true, then we would expect Sandra to have a larger _____ than nonmusicians. a. right hemisphere b. cerebellum c. cerebral cortex d. hypothalamus ANSWER: b 24. Todd and Viola are out on their first date at a nice restaurant. Viola is proud of having a very sensitive palette and is actually a supertaster. Todd, on the other hand, does not know much about cooking, or eating for that matter, and is a medium taster. Halfway through the date, Todd wants to head outside for a quick cigarette and asks Viola if she wants join him for a smoke, too. a. Viola is likely to only smoke occasionally and savour the taste of tobacco. b. Viola is likely not to smoke and to react negatively to nicotine. c. Viola is likely to be a chain smoker and very addicted to nicotine. d. Viola is likely not to smoke because she’s afraid it will ruin her taste buds. ANSWER: b 25. After Todd and Viola finish their main course, their server brings them dessert menus. Based on their taste preferences, which of the following is more likely to happen? a. Viola’s dessert order will be sweeter than Todd’s. b. Todd’s dessert order will be sweeter than Viola’s. c. Both Todd and Viola will order very sweet desserts. d. Neither Todd nor Viola will order desserts that are very sweet. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 4 - Sensation and Perception Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5 ANSWER: b 26. On their date, Todd orders a fish dish with a very tangy scent. Once the dish is served in front of him, he proclaims that his nose is now dead and will never be able to smell anything again. Viola laughs and tells him not to be so dramatic because____ are replaced every couple of _____. a. olfactory cilia, months b. olfactory axons, weeks c. olfactory cilia, weeks d. olfactory axons, months ANSWER: a 27. On their date, Todd orders a fish dish with a very tangy scent. Todd complains about the smell of the fish and says “the scent went straight from my nose to my brain!” Which part of the brain will receive the incoming information from receptor cells first? a. Thalamus b. Prefrontal cortex c. Olfactory bulb d. Spinal cord ANSWER: c 28. During their meal, Viola starts reminiscing about her childhood. Which of the following most likely triggered Viola’s memories? a. The smell of her food. b. The taste of her food. c. The appearance of her food. d. A combination of the smell, taste, and appearance of her food. ANSWER: a 29. After their meal and having had a few glasses of wine, Todd no longer has great balance. This means his ____ sense is compromised. a. somatosensory b. kinesthetic c. vestibular d. analgesic ANSWER: c 30. While on their date, Viola is nervous and accidentally cuts herself with her knife. The moment she cuts her finger, Viola feels a sharp pain and lets out a yelp. This pain was modulated by the ______ pathway which uses ______ fibres. a. slow-acting, C b. slow-acting, A-delta c. fast-acting, C d. fast-acting, A-delta ANSWER: d 31. While on their date, Viola is nervous and accidentally cuts herself with her knife. Half an hour later, Viola still feels pain in her finger, but it feels more like an aching or burning. This pain was modulated by the ____ pathway which uses ____ fibres. a. slow-acting, C b. slow-acting, A-delta c. fast-acting, C d. fast-acting, A-delta ANSWER: a Name: Class: Date: Chapter 5 - Consciousness Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1 1. Ben and Lauren decide to go to a magic show for date night. The magician is supposed to be an expert in hypnosis who has previously taken complete control over the people he hypnotizes. The hypnotist can make people do crazy things like lift a car or even re-live some of their childhood memories. Ben is very excited about the magic show and believes that this type of hypnosis is real, but Lauren is more skeptical. The magician approaches the couple and asks Lauren to join him on the stage. The magician warns Lauren that he can make her reveal some of her deepest, darkest secrets. This statement __________. a. would be true only if Lauren believed in hypnosis b. is true and Lauren should not go on stage c. does not have any scientific research supporting it d. might be true depending on how suggestible Lauren is ANSWER: c 2. Ben is excited to go to the show because he is a smoker who is trying to quit, and he hopes hypnosis will be able to help him quit. Which of the following is true? a. Hypnosis could help Ben quit smoking, but only in the short-term. b. Hypnosis could help Ben quit smoking, but only if it is performed by a medical professional. c. Hypnosis could help Ben quit smoking, but only if he is highly susceptible. d. Hypnosis cannot help Ben quit smoking. ANSWER: d 3. Ben is excited to go to the show because he is a smoker who is trying to quit, and he hopes hypnosis will be able to help him quit. Since Ben is a tobacco smoker you would assume he has ____ physical dependence and _____ psychological dependence. a. high, high b. moderate, high c. high, moderate d. moderate, moderate ANSWER: b 4. After the show, Ben is in awe about the things that the magician made people do on stage. A man was even coaxed into taking off his clothes! Lauren is still not impressed and claims the reason why people were so disinhibited was because they ________________. a. were just playing along for the sake of the show b. knew they would experience posthypnotic amnesia, so they would not feel embarrassed c. feel like they cannot be held responsible for their actions d. were paid actors and it was their job to do so ANSWER: c 5. Lauren is still not impressed after the show and invites Ben to a class of open monitoring meditation she regularly attends. In this class, Ben is instructed to _________________________. a. completely empty his mind and not think of anything at all b. close his eyes and think of a happy childhood memory c. focus his complete attention on his breathing d. act as a detached observer of his own thoughts ANSWER: d 6. Lauren is still not impressed after the show and invites Ben to a class of open monitoring meditation she regularly attends. The open monitoring kind of meditation shares similarities with techniques of ______________. Name: Class: Date: Chapter 5 - Consciousness Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2 a. cognitive behavioural therapy b. psychoanalysis c. person-centered therapy d. biodynamic psychotherapy ANSWER: a 7. Lauren is still not impressed after the show and invites Ben to a class of open monitoring meditation she regularly attends. The instructor leading the meditation class has been doing this for several years. During the meditation session you would expect the instructor has ______ oxygen consumption and _____ carbon dioxide elimination. a. increased, increased b. increased, decreased c. decreased, increased d. decreased, decreased ANSWER: d 8. Zoe is a psychologist who studies addiction. Zoe is asked to create a presentation for high school and university students that will inform them about the dangers of using drugs and hopefully deter them from doing so. Zoe places particular emphasis on opioids, due to the current opioid epidemic. However, she will also make sure that she covers marijuana and alcohol in sufficient detail. Many students argue that marijuana does not have negative long term effects. Zoe should point out that studies conducted over the last decade have found that heavy, chronic marijuana use can lead to ______________. a. impotence and sterility in men b. impairments in memory, attention, and learning c. increased susceptibility to infectious diseases d. increased susceptibility to certain types of cancer ANSWER: b 9. Why does Zoe’s presentation target high school and university students specifically (i.e., the 15-24 year old age group)? a. This age group uses significantly more drugs than those older than 25. b. The effects of drugs are significantly more prominent in this age group. c. People in this age group go from occasional users to regular users more quickly. d. Rehabilitation efforts are less successful in this age group. ANSWER: a 10. Some of the students are shocked to learn that some abused drugs are prescribed by doctors in medical settings. Zoe gives them the example of cocaine that can also be used as a(n) ___________. a. anticonvulsant b. treatment for glaucoma c. sleeping pill d. local anesthetic ANSWER: d 11. Zoe shocks the students by telling them ____ is the most widely used recreational drug in our society. a. marijuana b. nicotine c. alc11ohol d. caffeine ANSWER: c 12. Zoe provides an in-depth explanation about how drugs of abuse affect the brain. She explains that cocaine increases the levels of dopamine in the brain by _____________________. a. stimulating the release of more dopamine in the synapse b. increasing the production of dopamine Name: Class: Date: Chapter 5 - Consciousness Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3 c. blocking the reuptake of dopamine d. inhibiting enzymes that would normally destroy dopamine ANSWER: c 13. Zoe also talks to the students about overdose and the possibility of dying by using drugs. Which of the following has the highest potential for a fatal overdose? a. Cocaine b. Cannabis c. LSD d. Heroin ANSWER: d 14. Zoe talks a lot about drug dependence and the effects of withdrawal to the students. A person going through cocaine withdrawal would be expected to show symptoms such as _______________. a. diarrhea and convulsions b. irritability and depression c. irritability and diarrhea d. convulsions and depression ANSWER: b 15. Zoe explains the many negative effects of alcohol, including the increased likelihood of some people to engage in aggressive acts when they are intoxicated. This is a(n) __________ effect of alcohol. a. indirect b. direct c. behavioural d. cognitive ANSWER: a 16. To scare the students away from using drugs, Zoe uses the example of ____, a drug that leads to rapid tolerance, so the user needs larger and larger doses to get the same effect even after using the drug only a couple of times. a. alcohol b. morphine c. LSD d. MDMA ANSWER: b 17. Pam has suffered from insomnia for the last few years and it really affects her everyday life. However, Pam’s husband Jim claims that Pam is exaggerating and that she sleeps every night and often even snores! To prove he’s right (and to help his wife), Jim asks Pam to go to a sleep clinic to test her insomnia. Jim, on the other hand, is a sleeper who routinely gets at least nine hours of sleep at night. Which of the following symptoms would you expect Pam to have? a. Pam will stay up all night and wake up really late. b. Pam will wake u