Molecular Biology of the Cell 7th Edition Bruce Alberts 2023

B. synthesize proteins on the ribosome. C. replicate their genome by DNA polymerization. D. transcribe their genetic information by RNA polymerization. E. All of the above. 7.3. Imagine a segment of DNA (within a gene) encoding a certain amount of information in its nucleotide sequence. When this segment is fully transcribed intomRNA and then translated into protein, in general, … A. the protein sequence would carry more information compared to the DNA and mRNAsequences, because its alphabet has 20 letters. B. the protein sequence would carry less information compared to the DNA and mRNAsequences, because several codons can correspond to one amino acid. C. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is lower, because the mRNA hasbeen transcribed using only one of the DNA strands as the template. D. the amount of information in the mRNA sequence is higher, because several mRNAmolecules can be transcribed from one DNA molecule. 8.4. Which of the following processes that happens inside a cell DOES NOT normally require consumption of free energy by the cell? A. Replication of the genetic material B. Import of nutrients from the environment C. Diffusion of small molecules within the cell D. Regulation of gene expression E. Synthesis of enzymes that catalyze cellular reactions 9.5. Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in a bacterial cell? A. Swimming using flagella B. Having a cell wall around the plasma membrane C. ATP production in mitochondria D. Protein production on the ribosome E. Sexual exchange of DNA with other bacteria 10.6. To trace family relationships between distantly related organisms such as humans, algae, bacteria, and archaea, one should compare their genomes in regions … A. that evolve rapidly. B. that have a higher mutation rate. C. that code for proteins. D. where mutations are hardly tolerated. E. where most mutations are selectively neutral. 10.7. Laboratory strains of the model organism Escherichia coli that are resistant toantibiotics are very often used in research laboratories as well as in the biotechnology industry. If cultures of such bacteria were allowed to contaminate the environment uncontrollably, it is possible that at some point, pathogenic bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis (which causes meningitis and can cause death, especially in children) could acquire the same antibiotic-resistance gene, causing a meningitis outbreak that is difficult to treat. In this scenario, which of the following mechanisms is a more likely source of the antibiotic-resistance gene in N. meningitidis? A. Random new gene generation B. Intragenic mutation C. Gene duplication D. DNA segment shuffling E. Horizontal gene transfer