Advanced Pathophysiology
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his
continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to
carry oxygen.
, When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained?
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his
continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the
following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to
carry oxygen.
, When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused
by an _____ gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X
chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely
spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic
information be contained?
