ABFM ITE Questions and answers 100% VERIFIED

CAP antibiotic that causes VF - Azithromycin - The arrhythmia results from prolongation of the QT interval and is also more common in patients with a prior cardiac history. Anti-DM medications for weight loss - GLP1 receptor agonists e.g. Exenatide SGLT-2 inhibitor e.g. Canagliflozin Screening test with greatest potential for over diagnosis - PSA Clinical manifestation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Asymmetric leg weakness Opioid to avoid in palliative patient with severe hepatic dysfunction - Methadone - It is metabolized and cleared by the liver, and should therefore not be used in patients with severe hepatic impairment. It is, however, a reasonable option for patients with severe renal impairment. Lung cancer screening with low dose CT Chest annually - Adults 55-80yo with 30 pack year history and currently smoking or quit within last 15 years NOAC with reversal agent - Dabigatran Reduces alcoholism but creating an acute ethanol sensitivity - Disulfiram Antidepressant to be avoided in the elderly - Paroxetine (associated with more anticholinergic effects) SSRIs SNRIs, atypical antipsychotics may be added for resistant depression Age group between which American Academy of Pediatrics recommends administration of an autism-specific screening tool - 18-24 months old Most common neurological complication of Paget's disease of the bone - Most common cardiac complication of Lyme disease - Heart blocks Examination finding of those with bacterial vaginosis - Vaginal pH 4.5 (normal vaginal pH should be acidic) Most common cause of medication-related adverse events across health care settings in the United States - Antibiotics Screening for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis - Not recommended In anaphylaxis, which drug is most likely helpful in preventing the need for intubation? - Barrett's oesophagus with no dysplasia - Positive family history of colorectal cancer - Individuals who have a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer or advanced adenoma diagnosed before 60 years of age or two first-degree relatives diagnosed at any age should be advised to start screening colonoscopy at 40 years of age or 10 years younger than the earliest diagnosis in their family, whichever comes first. Most common cause of hearing loss in newborns - Genetic inheritance Lab findings in Von Willebrand disease - U.S. federal labor law requires companies with 50 employees to provide which benefits for employees who are nursing mothers - Influenza vaccination in those with potential egg allergy - All currently available influenza vaccines, with the exceptions of recombinant and cell-culture-based inactivated influenza vaccines, are prepared using embryonated egg culture and can potentially provoke allergic and anaphylactic reactions. For those who report that they can eat lightly cooked scrambled eggs, vaccination can proceed without precaution or observation. Those who have experienced only hives can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status. People who have experienced symptoms such as hypotension, wheezing, nausea, or vomiting, or reactions requiring emergency attention or epinephrine after eating eggs or egg-containing foods can also receive any influenza vaccine appropriate for their age and health status and also do not need to be observed. However, the vaccine should be administered by a provider who can recognize and manage severe allergic reactions. How is the Timed Up and Go test useful in GRM patients? - Helps to assess the risk of falling Antidepressant that can prolong QT interval to be avoided in those on concomitant atypical antipsychotics - Citalopram, Escitalopram Other SSRIs, as well as bupropion, venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, do not have this effect. Both tricyclic antidepressants and antipsychotics, commonly used in patients also taking SSRIs, can cause QT prolongation, making their combined use problematic. Antibiotic for traveller's diarrhoea - Azithromycin Prevented by washing hands frequently Most effective medication for treating fibromyalgia - TCAs SSRIs (helps with some pain reduction) In a healthy full-term infant who is exclusively breastfed, iron supplementation should begin at what age in order to prevent iron deficiency anaemia? - 4 months - In preterm babies (before 37w), elemental iron supplementation (2mg/kg per day) should begin at 1 month of age and should continue until 12 months of age, unless the infant had multiple blood transfusions. In primary nephrotic syndrome, other than proteinuria and low albumin, what else is commonly observed? - Coagulopathy Chronic medication that can cause B12 deficiency - Metformin Strongest risk factor for primary hypertension in children and adolescents - Elevated BMI While Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most common causes of skin and soft-tissue infection, which organism should also be considered? - Pseudomonas Treatment of erythrasma (Wood's lamp coral pink/red fluorescence, fine-scaled with a cigarette-paper appearance) caused by Corynebacterium minutissimum infection - Erythromycin Which radiologic funding of a lung nodule is most predictive of malignancy? - Which investigation is routine in all newborns with Down syndrome? - Echocardiography Treatment duration for provoked vs unprovoked PE - 3 months and indefinitely respectively In patients with symptoms indicative of pneumonia or heart failure, what investigations can be done to determine treatment of either condition or both? - BNP and procalcitonin levels How to increase HDL (good cholesterol)? - Add niacin Dietary recommendation in diverticulosis - High fibre or take fibre supplements Side effects of prolonged PPI use - C diff infection, hypoMg, hip fracture Which antiemetic blocks dopamine stimulation in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? - Metoclopramide Little League shoulder is a repetitive use injury causing disruption at the proximal growth plate of the humerus - Proximal humeral epiphysitis. Can be seen on plain radiographs as widening, demineralization, or sclerosis at the growth plate. Taking beta carotene and Vit E to prevent cancer and heart disease - Fluoride supplementation should be started at what age when primary water supply is deficient in fluoride - 6 months Medications that can reduce serum Vitamin D levels - Rifampicin, Phenytoin Isolated posterior cruciate ligament tear - Direct blow to the anterior tibia whilst knee is in flexion What should patients be periodically monitored for whilst on Amiodarone? - TSH Drug of choice in depressed persons with cardiovascular disease - SSRIs Antibiotics causing prolonged QT - Macrolides Benign nocturnal limb pains of childhood (previously known as "growing pains") - Usually occur in the evening or night time, may sometimes wake patient from sleep, short-lived (about 30min), not associated with redness/swelling/tenderness/limping. No further work-up necessary. Treatment of OSA in children - Adenotonsillectomy What is most likely seen with diastolic dysfunction? - A preserved ejection fraction Positive hip FADIR and FABER testing - Hip labral tear Childhood vaccination carrying risk of febrile seizure in up to 2 week