Foundation AQA Biology Paper 1

What are the structures of an animal cell? - Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes. What are the structures of a plant cell? - All structures from animal cells and cell wall, permanent vacuole and chloroplasts. What does the nucleus do? - Stores DNA and directs all cellular activities. What is the cytoplasm do? - Where most chemical reactions take place. What does the cell membrane do? - Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out. What is the mitochondria? - Powerhouse of the cell where aerobic respiration takes place. What are ribosomes? - site of protein synthesis What is the cell wall? - Found on the outside of plant cells, it is made of cellulose and strengthens the cell. What is the permanent vacuole? - Found in plant cells, it helps support the cell. What are chloroplasts? - Site of photosynthesis. Do all plant cells have chloroplasts? - No. What are the two main type of cell? - Prokaryotic and eukaryotic. What cells are eukaryotic? - Plant, animal and fungal cells What cell is prokaryotic? - bacteria What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? - prokaryotic cells are smaller, do not contain a nucleus genetic material is instead in a single DNA loop and they contain small rings called plasmids. What is a typical bacterial cell? - Cytoplasm which takes over job of mitochondria and chloroplasts, may be a flagella, plasmids are present. How many micrometers are in a meter? - 1,000,000 What is a light microscope? - A microscope that uses a series of glass lenses and visible light to magnify an image. This microscope magnifies images up to 1,000 times the actual size. What is a electron microscope? - a microscope with high magnification and resolution, employing electron beams in place of light and using electron lenses. What is the formula for magnification? - Magnification = image size / real size What is cell division? - Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells Where are chromosomes found? - nucleus of a cell