2024 NUR-631 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS| A+ GRADED
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive
mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate. For example, the removal
of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells (hepatocytes)
to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and
sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and
less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower
extremities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. A vasospastic disorder of the small
arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Right heart failure
,Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous
pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to
right ventricular emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough
surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce
noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood
pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option
that accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER✔
✔d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13,
trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other
defects are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down
syndrome. pg 1200
,An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital
heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then
the infant also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation
and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the
other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described the
symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed
with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children
to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance
while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The
other options would not result in these changes. pg 1209
, An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit
which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may
produce some improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature
infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
SOLUTIONS| A+ GRADED
Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive
mechanism that enables certain organs to regenerate. For example, the removal
of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells (hepatocytes)
to compensate for the loss.
Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet and
sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and
less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower
extremities - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. A vasospastic disorder of the small
arteries and arterioles of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary vascular
resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Right heart failure
,Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous
pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to
right ventricular emptying increases.
What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔d. Murmur heard on
auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough
surfaces. The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce
noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood
pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option
that accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - CORRECT ANSWER✔
✔d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13,
trisomy 18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other
defects are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down
syndrome. pg 1200
,An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper
sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding pulse and a
thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital
heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. Patent ductus
arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will
characteristically have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then
the infant also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation
and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the
other congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described the
symptoms pages 1203-1204
Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed
with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older children
to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic resistance
while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena cava. The
other options would not result in these changes. pg 1209
, An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would likely exhibit
which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
c. Need for surgical repair
d. Triad of congenital defects - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may
produce some improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for premature
infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
