Nutrition Module 2 Portage Questions and Answers 100% Solved

Nutrition Module 2 Portage Questions and Answers 100% Solved digestion transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body We absorb nutrients for... 1) fuel cellular growth 2)fight infections 3)provide energy to our muscles and brain 2 Processes Food is Broken Down 1) mechanical 2) chemical Peristalsis involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract Enzymes Proteins that speed up chemical reactions Absorption The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood Mucosa The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; made of absorptive cells and glands passive diffusion substances move easily in and out of cells without energy, high to low concentrations facilitated diffusion No energy required, BUT special protein carrier is needed to help substances cross in and out of the cell, high to low concentrations active transport Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference, low to high 6 parts of the GI tract 1) Mouth 2) Esophagus 3) Stomach 4) Small Intestine 5) Large intestine 6) Rectum Mouth Enzymes salivary amylase: starches lingual lipase: fats Epiglottis flap that covers the trachea sphincter muscle circular muscle controls how much is allowed to pass stomach capacity 4 cups, 2-3 hours Stomach Chemicals 1) pepsin (enzyme)- protein digestion 2) gastric lipase (enzyme)- fat digestion 3) Gastrin (hormone)- controls acid production 4) Chyme- food particles combine with enzymes intrinsic factor makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen in stomach small intestine function digestion and absorption large intestine function Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food, waste management pyloric sphincter Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine 3 small intestine parts duodenum, jejunum, ileum Ileacecal sphincter Between small and large intestine, prevents contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine Organs associated with small intestine liver, gallbladder, pancreas liver secretes bile to break down fats