2024 LATEST HOSA Pathophysiology Integumentary (A+ GUARANTEED)

seborrheic dermatitis - ANSWER inflammation of the oil/sebaceous glands; increased sebum production contact dematitis - ANSWER acute inflammation response of the skin triggered by a chemical/substance; causes redness, welling, vesicles that ooze itch burn/sting Atopic dermatitis (Eczema) - ANSWER chronic inflammation of the skin; rash occurs in face, neck , elbows, knees, and upper trunk of the body along with itching Urticaria (hives) - ANSWER severe itching followed by redness and an area of swelling (wheal) in a certain area angioedema - ANSWER A condition characterized by regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling due to allergic reaction to food or drugs psoriasis - ANSWER chronic condition where thick, flaky, red patches of various sizes covered with white, silvery scales; inflammatory and chronic; may be autoimmune rosacea - ANSWER chronic inflammatory disorder of the facial skin which causes redness, primarily in the areas of blushing/flushing comedones - ANSWER also called blackheads; masses of sebum trapped in the hair follicles acne vulgaris - ANSWER inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. Papules, pustules, and comedones are present macule - ANSWER A circumscribed, flat, nonpalpable change in skin color papule - ANSWER small, firm, elevated lesion nodule - ANSWER palpable elevated lesion which varies in size pustule - ANSWER a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus vesicle (blister) - ANSWER elevated, thin walled lesion containing clear fluid plaque - ANSWER large, slighty elevated lesion with flat surface, of ten topped by scale crust - ANSWER dry, rough surface or dried exudate/blood lichenification - ANSWER thick, dry, rough surface (leather like) keloid - ANSWER Abnormal growth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular fissure - ANSWER Crack in the skin that penetrates the epidermis, such as chapped hands or lips. ulcer - ANSWER A deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis; may cause periodic bleeding and the formation of scars. erosion - ANSWER shallow, moist cavity in epidermis comedo - ANSWER mass of sebum, keratin and debris blocking the opening of a hair follicle herpes zoster (shingles) - ANSWER acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of extremely painful vesicles; caused by VZV virus dermatomes - ANSWER An area of skin (nerves) that relay sensation / pain from a particular region of skin. May be location of Referred Pain impetigo - ANSWER common, contagious , superficial skin infection. forms thick yellow crusts; caused by staph aureus or strep furuncles(boil) - ANSWER pus-containing abscess taht involves the entire hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue carbuncle - ANSWER large boil or multiple boils in close by follicles; caused by staph aureus mostly cellulitis - ANSWER acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; occurs mostly in lower parts; redness and swelling develops with skin becoming tender and hot dermatophytoses (tinea) - ANSWER chronic superficial fungal infections; seborrheic keratosis - ANSWER benign growths in the epidermis; painless lesions colored dermatofibroma - ANSWER benign and can be found anywhere; scaly hard slightly raised and pinkish brown caused by fibrous and viral infections keratoacnthoma - ANSWER smooth red dome-shaped papule with a central crust epidermal/sebaceous cyst - ANSWER sebaceous gland fills with a thick fluid . keloid/hypertrophic scars - ANSWER secondary to trauma, harmless acrochordon - ANSWER Small outgrowth of epidermal and dermal tissue; skin tags actinic keratosis - ANSWER a precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight BCC - ANSWER Basal cell carcinoma SCC - ANSWER squamous cell carcinoma MALIGNANT MELANOMA - ANSWER Most serious form of skin cancer; often characterized by black or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised.(ABCDE) ALBINISM - ANSWER Autosomal Recessive , a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair) Vitiligo - ANSWER Benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment. Milk-white patches. Melasma (chloasma) - ANSWER hyperpigmentation, asscociated with pregnacny. mask of pregnancy, also seen in ocp. hemangioma - ANSWER Benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels. nevi (moles) - ANSWER Flat or raised macules or papules with rounded, welldefined borders. pityriasis - ANSWER "Herald Patch" followed days later by "Christmas tree" distribution. Multiple papular eruptions, remits spontaneously. abnormal suntan - ANSWER adverse effect resulting from proper drug, medicinal, or biological substance properly administered. Some drugs and certain diseases such as Addison's disease can produce a suntan without exposure to sunlight.