Research methodology Practical Solution Manual and Test Bank MCQ With Answers

Research methodology Practical Solution Manual and Test Bank MCQ With Answers 9. A qualitative research problem statement: a. Specifies the research methods to be utilized b. Specifies a research hypothesis c. Expresses a relationship between variables d. Conveys a sense of emerging design Answer: d: Conveys a sense of emerging design 11. A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to : a. Provide an up-to-date understanding of the subject, its significance, and structure b. Guide the development of research questions c. Present the kinds of research methodologies used in previous studies d. All of the above Answer: d: All of the above 13. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of: a. Cost and time required to conduct the study b. Access to gatekeepers and respondents c. Potential ethical concerns d. All of the above Answer: d: All of the above 14. Research that uses qualitative methods for one phase and quantitative methods for the next phase is known as: a. Action research b. Mixed-method research c. Quantitative research d. Pragmatic research Answer: b: Mixed-method research 15. Research hypotheses are: a. Formulated prior to a review of the literature b. Statements of predicted relationships between variables c. B but not A d. Both A and B Answer: c: B but not A 16. Which research approach is based on the epistemological viewpoint of pragmatism? a. Quantitative research b. Qualitative research c. Mixed-methods research d. All of the above Answer: c: Mixed-methods research 17. Adopting ethical principles in research means: a. Avoiding harm to participants b. The researcher is anonymous c. Deception is only used when necessary d. Selected informants give their consent Answer: c: Deception is only used when necessary 18. A radical perspective on ethics suggests that: a. Researchers can do anything they want b. The use of checklists of ethical actions is essential c. The powers of Institutional Review Boards should be strengthened d. Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity Answer: d: Ethics should be based on self-reflexivity 19. Ethical problems can arise when researching the Internet because: a. Everyone has access to digital media b. Respondents may fake their identities c. Researchers may fake their identities d. Internet research has to be covert Answer: b: Respondents may fake their identities PART B: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Which research paradigm is most concerned about generalizing its findings? a. Quantitative research b. Qualitative research c. Mixed-methods research d. All of the above Answer: a: Quantitative research 2. A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called: a. An intervening variable b. A dependent variable c. An independent variable d. A numerical variable Answer: c: An independent variable 3. Researchers posit that performance-related pay increases employee motivation which in turn leads to an increase in job satisfaction. What kind of variable is ‘motivation”’ in this study? a. Extraneous b. Confounding c. Intervening d. Manipulated Answer: c: Intervening 6. Which of the following can be described as a nominal variable? a. Annual income b. Age c. Annual sales d. Geographical location of a firm Answer: d: Geographical location of a firm 7. A positive correlation occurs when: a. Two variables remain constant b. Two variables move in the same direction c. One variable goes up and the other goes down d. Two variables move in opposite directions Answer: b: Two variables move in the same direction 8. The key defining characteristic of experimental research is that: a. The independent variable is manipulated b. Hypotheses are proved c. A positive correlation exists d. Samples are large Answer: a: The independent variable is manipulated 9. Qualitative research is used in all the following circumstances, EXCEPT: a. It is based on a collection of non-numerical data such as words and pictures b. It often uses small samples c. It uses the inductive method d. It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest Answer: d: It is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest 10. In an experiment, the group that does not receive the intervention is called: a. The experimental group b. The participant group c. The control group d. The treatment group Answer: c: The control group 13. What do we call data that are used for a new study but which were collected by an earlier researcher for a different set of research questions? a. Secondary data b. Field notes c. Qualitative data d. Primary data Answer: a: Secondary data 16. Which of the following statements are true? a. The larger the sample size, the larger the confidence interval b. The smaller the sample size, the greater the sampling error c. The more categories being measured, the smaller the sample size d. A confidence level of 95 percent is always sufficient Answer: b: The smaller the sample size, the greater the sampling error 17. Which of the following will produce the least sampling error? a. A large sample based on convenience sampling b. A small sample based on random sampling c. A large snowball sample d. A large sample based on random sampling Answer: d: A large sample based on random sampling 20. A test accurately indicates an employee’s scores on a future criterion (e.g., conscientiousness). What kind of validity is this? a. Predictive b. Face c. Content d. Concurrent Answer: a: Predictive PART C: DATA COLLECTION METHODS 2. One advantage of using a questionnaire is that: a. Probe questions can be asked b. Respondents can be put at ease c. Interview bias can be avoided d. Response rates are always high Answer: c: Interview bias can be avoided 7. Secondary data can include which of the following? a. Government statistics b. Personal diaries c. Organizational records d. All of the above Answer: d: All of the above 8. An ordinal scale is: a. The simplest form of measurement b. A scale with an absolute zero point c. A rank-order scale of measurement d. A scale with equal intervals between ranks Answer: c: A rank-order scale of measurement 10. The ‘reliability’of a measure refers to the researcher asking: a. Does it give consistent results? b. Does it measure what it is supposed to measure? c. Can the results be generalized? d. Does it have face reliability? Answer: a: Does it give consistent results? 11. Interviewing is the favoured approach EXCEPT when: a. There is a need for highly personalized data b. It is important to ask supplementary questions c. High numbers of respondents are needed d. Respondents have difficulty with written language Answer: c: High numbers of respondents are needed 12. Validity in interviews is strengthened by the following EXCEPT: a. Building rapport with interviewees b. Multiple questions cover the same theme c. Constructing interview schedules that contain themes drawn from the literature d. Prompting respondents to expand on initial responses Answer: b: Multiple questions cover the same theme 13. Interview questions should: a. Lead the respondent b. Probe sensitive issues c. Be delivered in a neutral tone d. Test the respondents’ powers of memory Answer: c: Be delivered in a neutral tone 16. Which of the following is not always true about focus groups? a. The ideal size is normally between 6 and 12 participants b. Moderators should introduce themselves to the group c. Participants should come from diverse backgrounds d. The moderator poses preplanned questions Answer: c: Participants should come from diverse backgrounds 17. A disadvantage of using secondary data is that: a. The data may have been collected with reference to research questions that are not those of the researcher b. The researcher may bring more detachment in viewing the data than original researchers could muster c. Data have often been collected by teams of experienced researchers d. Secondary data sets are often available and accessible Answer: a: The data may have been collected with reference to research questions that are not those of the researcher PART D: ANALYSIS AND REPORT WRITING 1. Which of the following is incorrect when naming a variable in SPSS? a. Must begin with a letter and not a number b. Must end in a full stop c. Cannot exceed 64 characters d. Cannot include symbols such as ?, & and % Answer: b: Must end in a full stop 5. The measure of the extent to which responses vary from the mean is called: a. The mode b. The normal distribution c. The standard deviation d. The variance Answer: c: The standard deviation 7. A Type 1 error occurs in a situation where: a. The null hypothesis is accepted when it is in fact true b. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact false c. The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true d. The null hypothesis is accepted when it is in fact false Answer: c: The null hypothesis is rejected when it is in fact true 8. The significance level a. Is set after a statistical test is conducted b. Is always set at 0.05 c. Results in a p-value d. Measures the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis Answer: d: Measures the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis 14. Which part of a research report contains details of how the research was planned and conducted? a. Results b. Design c. Introduction d. Background Answer: d: Background 15. Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by managers and other professionals to address issues in their organizations and/or professional practice? a. Action research b. Basic research c. Professional research d. Predictive research Answer: a: Action research 16. Plagiarism can be avoided by: a. Copying the work of others accurately b. Paraphrasing the author’s text in your own words c. Cut and pasting from the Internet d. Quoting directly without revealing the source Answer: b: Paraphrasing the author’s text in your own words 19. In preparing for a viva or similar oral examination, it is best if you have: a. Avoided citing the examiner in your thesis b. Made exaggerated claims on the basis of your data c. Published and referenced your own article(s) d. Tried to memorize your work Answer:c: Published and referenced your own article(s) Research is (A) Searching again and again (B) Finding solution to any problem (C) Working in a scientific way to search for truth of any problem (D) None of the above Answer: (C) Which of the following is the first step in starting the research process? (A) Searching sources of information to locate problem. (B) Survey of related literature (C) Identification of problem (D) Searching for solutions to the problem Answer: (C) A common test in research demands much priority on (A) Reliability (B) Useability (C) Objectivity (D) All of the above Answer: (D) Action research means (A) Longitudinal research (B) Applied research (C) Research initiated to solve an immediate problem (D) A research with socioeconomic objective Answer: (C) In the process of conducting research ‘Formulation of Hypothesis” is followed by (A) Statement of Objectives (B) Analysis of Data (C) Selection of Research Tools (D) Collection of Data Answer: (C) A research paper is a brief report of research work based on (A) Primary Data only