Microbiology Final Exam Straighterline Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Microbiology Final Exam Straighterline Questions and Answers 100% Pass The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called ______. phylogeny The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______. Last Universal Common Ancestor Organisms called parasites are ______. always harmful to their host Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow? Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______. Electrons The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______. respiratory disease A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens. saturated One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect? lipid If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X? 95X NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells? cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification? electron Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled? a solid medium a spongiform encephalopathy of humans Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______. amphitrichous In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does not apply to Trichophyton? saprobe During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of ______ cells. gram-negative The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______ 80s Sterilizing filters have a pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true? Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid. icosahedral Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through fecal oral the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome lysogeny Which of the following is not associated with every virus? envelope When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this cellular arrangement is termed a ______. palisade proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. histones Viral tissue specificities are called ______. tropisms the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. lophotrichous E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship. mutualistic Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship. mutualistic The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______. lag phase The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______ conditions. hypotonic This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it can use organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The appropriate classification for this organism would be ______. photoheterotroph A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______. thermoduric microbe the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site Noncompetitive inhibition Ribozymes are ______. catalysts for RNA splicing Most electron carriers are ______. coenzymes what is the usual net production of ATP? 2 Exergonic reactions occur during aerobic cellular respiration