West Coast EMT Final Exam Study Guide
(Complete and Rated A+ Solutions) Latest
2024/2025
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
what is the epiglottis?
a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
what is croup?
acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx, primarily w/in the subglottic space
-6 months to 6 years
what is a pulmonary embolism?
A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood
clot.
what is an aneurysm?
an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the
artery wall.
what is a thrombus?
stationary blood clot
what is an embolism?
A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
a characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the
presence of air in the soft tissue
-may feel like rice crispy treats
what is hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally from the lungs.
,what is hematuria?
presence of blood in the urine
What is hematemesis?
vomiting blood
What is capnography?
A noninvasive technique to alert you to hypoventilation even when your patient's
pulse ox reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is the most significant factor in
monitoring ventilation. Capnography measures the CO2 in every breath to monitor
air exchange in the patient's alveoli.
Trendelenburg position
A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
What is CPAP? Why is it used?
continuous positive airway pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to keep
the airway open while the individual sleeps
small-volume nebulizer
a device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a
mist that a patient can inhale
How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted:
Have female be treated by female EMT
- First component is medical treatment.
- Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross-examine patient or attempt
to obtain info
- Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic.
types of consent: expressed
, Patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care
or transport. May be nonverbal.
informed consent - you explained the nature of treatment being offered, along with
potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of
refusing treatment.
types of consent: implied
Legal principle that allows treatment under circumstances, such as intoxication,
mentally impaired, or suffering from certain conditions such as head injury.
- applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used
unless there is a threat to life or limb
types of consent: involuntary
Applies when a person is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, or who is in a
behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone makes the decision on their behalf
(legally responsible).
types of consent: minors
- When a parent cannot be reached to provide consent, health care providers are
allowed to give emergency care to a child.
- If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting,
teachers and officials may act in loco parentis, meaning in position of parent.
emancipated minors:
People who, despite being under the legal age in a given state, can be legally
treated as adults based on certain circumstances, such as being married, members
of armed services, or if they are parents.
Bradycardia
(Complete and Rated A+ Solutions) Latest
2024/2025
What makes up the axial skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage
what is the epiglottis?
a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing
what is croup?
acute VIRAL inflammatory disease of larynx, primarily w/in the subglottic space
-6 months to 6 years
what is a pulmonary embolism?
A condition in which one or more arteries in the lungs become blocked by a blood
clot.
what is an aneurysm?
an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the
artery wall.
what is a thrombus?
stationary blood clot
what is an embolism?
A piece of a blood clot that enters the bloodstream
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
a characteristic crackling sensation felt on palpation of the skin, caused by the
presence of air in the soft tissue
-may feel like rice crispy treats
what is hemoptysis?
Coughing up blood; blood in sputum generally from the lungs.
,what is hematuria?
presence of blood in the urine
What is hematemesis?
vomiting blood
What is capnography?
A noninvasive technique to alert you to hypoventilation even when your patient's
pulse ox reading are fine. Carbon dioxide is the most significant factor in
monitoring ventilation. Capnography measures the CO2 in every breath to monitor
air exchange in the patient's alveoli.
Trendelenburg position
A position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
What is CPAP? Why is it used?
continuous positive airway pressure; used to deliver pressure to the airways to keep
the airway open while the individual sleeps
small-volume nebulizer
a device that uses compressed air or oxygen to nebulize a liquid medication into a
mist that a patient can inhale
How to care for a patient who has been sexually assaulted:
Have female be treated by female EMT
- First component is medical treatment.
- Second is psychologic care of the patient - don't cross-examine patient or attempt
to obtain info
- Don't tamper any evidence. Put evidence in paper bags, not plastic.
types of consent: expressed
, Patient verbally or otherwise acknowledges that he/she wants you to provide care
or transport. May be nonverbal.
informed consent - you explained the nature of treatment being offered, along with
potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to treatment, as well as consequences of
refusing treatment.
types of consent: implied
Legal principle that allows treatment under circumstances, such as intoxication,
mentally impaired, or suffering from certain conditions such as head injury.
- applies only when a serious medical condition exists and should never be used
unless there is a threat to life or limb
types of consent: involuntary
Applies when a person is mentally ill, developmentally delayed, or who is in a
behavioral (psychological) crisis. Someone makes the decision on their behalf
(legally responsible).
types of consent: minors
- When a parent cannot be reached to provide consent, health care providers are
allowed to give emergency care to a child.
- If a minor is injured and requires medical treatment in a school or camp setting,
teachers and officials may act in loco parentis, meaning in position of parent.
emancipated minors:
People who, despite being under the legal age in a given state, can be legally
treated as adults based on certain circumstances, such as being married, members
of armed services, or if they are parents.
Bradycardia
