CCC2 PRN 1178 Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Graded A+)

Signs/symptoms of cancer - ANSWER-Unexplained weight loss, fever, fatigue, pain, skin changes, Obstruction, Hemorrhage, Anemia, Fracture, Infection, Cachexia. Screenings for men and women and when should be done - ANSWER-Breast 20+, Cervix 21-65, Colorectal men & women 50+, Endometrial women at menopause, Lung if smoker 55-74, Prostate 50+, Cancer related check up 20+. Dehydration Signs & Symptoms and Interventions - ANSWER-cool dry skin, poor skin turgor, weak thready pulse. IV fluids or fluid orally. Osmosis - ANSWER-Movement of pure solvent (liquid) across membrane, moves from area of less solute concentration to area of greater concentration until the solutions in the compartments are of equal concentration. Takes place via a semipermeable membrane. Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Passive transport is substances move back and forth across the membrane until evenly distributed throughout the available space Filtration - ANSWER-A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. Active Transport - ANSWER-Movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. Hypokalemia Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER-muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, intestinal distention decreased bowel sounds decreased, deep tendon reflexes, ventricular dysrhythmias, paresthesias weak, irregular pulse, low potassium flat t waves, high heart rate low blood pressure decreased GI motility. Fluid Overload Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER-Shortness of breath, cough, elevated b/p, puffiness around the eyes, edema in dependent areas; distended veins, moist breath sounds, crackle lungs, increased urine output. Hypocalcemia Signs and Symptoms - ANSWER-Diarrhea, Numbness and tingling of extremities, Muscle cramps ,Tetany, Convulsions,Laryngeal spasms, Cardiac irritability,Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs,· Low calcium, low BP, abnormal HR, hyperactivity, numbness. Shift of calcium in the bones. Hypernatremia - ANSWER-Causes an osmotic shift of fluid from the cells to the interstitial spaces, which causes a cellular dehydration and interruption of normal cell processes. Electrolyte - ANSWER-sodium, potassium, chloride. Fluid Balance Interventions - ANSWER-Maintaining equal input and output. Replace water loss with fluids containing sodium. Hypercalcemia - ANSWER-Muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency, elevated b/p, thirst, polyuria, hypo-activity. Interstitial fluid - ANSWER-Fluid in the spaces between cells. Extracellular. Intracellular and extracellular - ANSWER-Fluid within the cell. Fluid outside of the cell. Extracellular is Intravascular, Interstitial and Transcellular. Cancer - ANSWER-A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.· External radiation therapy/teachings: help with coping, skin care, wash area once daily with mild soap, limit sun exposure, do not use lotion, salve or alcohol on the area, wear loose clothing over the area, do not shave the area. Dietary teaching to reduce risk for developing cancer: - ANSWER-Moderate your portion of red and processed meats, maintain healthy weight, fruits and veggies, stay away from smoked foods.