DAT Test Bank Questions with Answers 100% correct | 2024 update

DAT Test Bank Questions with Answers 100% correct | 2024 update DAT Test Bank Questions with Answers 100% correct | 2024 update Contains marking scheme Survey of Natural Sciences Which of the following viral genomes can be directly translated into protein by the host cell’s translation machinery? Double-stranded DNA Single-stranded DNA, coding (+) strand Double-stranded RNA Single-stranded RNA, coding (+) strand Single-stranded RNA, template (–) strand Which enzyme is involved in the movement of the phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate to adenosine diphosphate in glycolysis? Pyruvate kinase Dehydrogenase Hexokinase Phosphatase Fumarase The pyruvate molecules from glycolysis get further broken down in the Krebs cycle and generate how many NADHs? 3 4 6 8 10 All the molecules shown in the diagram below move across the cell membrane by either simple or facilitated diffusion. Which molecule will move from outside of the cell to inside the cell? CO2 O2 Na+ Ca+ H2 O What cellular structure is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, steroids, proteins, and the transportation of proteins? Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Lysosome Mitochondria Ribosome Which statement about green fluorescent protein (GFP) has furthered the ability of scientists to understand cell functions? It has a beta barrel structure. It mutates to form yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). It occurs naturally in specific jellyfish. It emits a green color under UV light. It can easily bond with many proteins. A tRNA molecule is unable to bind to an amino acid because of the presence of an antibiotic. What is the outcome of the antibiotic binding to the tRNA molecule? The mRNA formed will be inaccurate during transcription. The protein that forms will contain an inaccurate amino acid. The protein synthesis will be terminated without a viable product. The polypeptide chain that is formed will be longer than needed. The tRNA will be translated to form an inaccurate mRNA strand. The order of biological taxonomic hierarchy from most inclusive to most specific is genus, family, species, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom. species, genus, order, class, family, phylum, kingdom, domain. domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. kingdom, phylum, class, domain, order, family, genus, species. phylum, domain, kingdom, family, genus, species, order. How did the biological taxonomic hierarchy change over time to reach the modern system? Organisms were previously grouped based on their common physical characteristics but are now distinguished by ribosomal RNA. Once genetic material was discovered, scientists began to categorize organisms by their genetic relationships. Through the use of the microscope, scientists have been able to categorize organisms based on if they are unicellular organisms without a nucleus or organisms with cells that contain a nucleus. The understanding of DNA sequencing has distinguished fungi and plant organisms into separate domains. Based on the ability to determine genetic sequencing, organisms are no longer divided into five kingdoms based on physical characteristics. How does the lateral pterygoid muscle differ from the other muscles that move the jaw? It can move the jaw forward and side to side. It is not responsible for closing the jaw. It is not present on either side of the skull and does not work as a pair. It is often the cause of tension headaches due to its overuse in the jaw. It is on both sides of the jaw and works as a set. Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in which vessel/tissue of the circulatory system? Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Veins Venules The alveoli of the lungs are held together in clusters called alveolar sacs. They resemble clusters of grapes. What is the purpose of their spherical shape? Body cells in general have a tendency to form spherical shapes, so the alveoli are following a natural pattern. Capillaries are round, and gas exchange between the two has resulted in spherical alveoli. Epithelial cells make up the alveoli, and they tend to form spherical shapes. The extracellular matrix that connects the alveoli to the capillaries causes them to take on a spherical shape. Their shape maximizes the surface area to volume ratio, making gas exchange efficient. What is the primary function of the ascending loop of Henle? Reabsorption of chloride ions Reabsorption of sodium ions Reabsorption of potassium ions Reabsorption of urea Reabsorption of water Which part of the nervous system controls voluntary muscle movements? Autonomic Central Parasympathetic Somatic Sympathetic Which type of neuroglia cell is the most common in the central nervous system? Astrocytes Ependymal cells Microglial cells Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells In neurogenic diabetes insipidus, the hormone vasopressin is deficient or absent. This results in high volume, concentrated urine with polydipsia. high volume, dilute urine with polydipsia and polyuria. low volume, concentrated urine with polyuria. low volume, concentrated urine with polyuria and polydipsia. low volume, dilute urine with polyuria and polydipsia. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus but stored in the neurohypophysis. As a main function, ADH regulates blood pressure by acting to increase resistance in the arterioles vessels and increase reabsorption of water by the kidneys. increase resistance to the arterioles blood vessels and decrease reabsorption of water by the kidneys. increase resistance in the venous blood vessels and increase reabsorption of water by the kidneys. decrease resistance in the venous blood vessels and increase reabsorption of water by the kidneys. decrease resistance in the arterioles blood vessels and decrease reabsorption of water by the kidneys. In which stage of the cleavage process does the zygote develop the three germ layers? Blastocoel Blastocyst Gastrula Morula Neurulation The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways must activate caspases, initiate apoptosis, or program cell death. During the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation, there must be a balance between which set of genes that are pro- apoptotic and anti-apoptotic? A1 and BIK BAD an BAK BAD and BID Bcl-2 and Bcl-x HRK and BIK Why do saltwater fish typically produce concentrated urine? Fish have lower internal concentrations of salt and other solutes than seawater. Fish have higher internal concentrations of salt and other solutes than seawater. Concentrated urine helps fish maintain thermostasis. Fish are osmoconformers. Concentrated urine is less energy intensive to produce. What do acrosomal reactions entail during fertilization? Degradation of the glycoprotein matrix Degradation of the egg’s plasma membrane Degradation of the sperm’s plasma membrane Degradation of the glycolipid matrix Degradation of the egg’s cell wall How many germ layers are formed during gastrulation? 0 1 2 3 4 Of the following, which examples represent environmental influences on developmental patterns? The formation of webbed feet in ducks. The spring and summer forms of a caterpillar. The formation of larger helmets in water fleas I only I and II only I and III only II and III only I, II, and III In gene mutations a substitution is the addition of one or more base pairs by different base pairs to a gene sequence. the loss of one or more base pairs by different base pairs in a gene sequence. the replacement of one or more base pairs by different base pairs in a gene sequence. the alteration of a single base pair in a gene sequence. the formation of a stop codon in a gene sequence.