Feminism 5 100% PASSED

Origins and developments -- Feminist ideas can be traced back to the ancient civilisations of Greece and China - Christine De Pisan's Book of the City of Ladies published in Italy (1405) foreshadowed many ideas of modern feminism such as advocating women's rights to education - The first text of modern feminism is Mary Wollstonecraft's the Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) - By the mid 19th C the women's movement acquired a central focus which was the right to vote Origins and developments, 2 -FIRST WAVE FEMINISM: - the 19th C was characterised by the pursuit of sexual equality in terms of political and legal rights with men - the women's movement was strongest on countries where political democracy was most advanced and where women demanded that they have the same rights as their husbands and sons - John Locke and Thomas Paine asserted the "rights of man" as did the American Independence (1776) - "all men are created equal" Origins and developments, 3 -FIRST WAVE FEMINISM CONT... - JS Mill and Harriet Taylor's "Subjection of women" (1869) sought to reduce sexual discrimination primarily through campaigning for equal suffrage - The famous Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, marked the birth of the US women's rights movement, it adopted the sentiments written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, which deliberately drew on the language/ principles of the Declaration of Independence - the National Women's Suffrage Association led by Stanton was established in 1896and merged with the American Women's Suffrage Association in 1890 Origins and developments, 4 -FIRST WAVE FEMINISM CONT... - in the UK the movement developed during the 1850s - In 1807 the House of Commons defeated the first attempt to introduce women's suffrage proposed by JS Mill - It was seen to adopt many militant tactics, after the formation of the Women's Social and Political Union led by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughter Christabel . The campaign was coordinated with direct attacks in which "suffragettes" carried out wholesale attacks on property and public demonstrations Origins and developments, 5 -FIRST WAVE FEMINISM CONT.... - There was firstly the achievement of women's suffrage in New Zealand in 1898 - In the USA, the 19th Amendment of the US constitution granted the vote to American women in 1920 Origins and developments, 6 -SECOND WAVE FEMINISM - the feminist ideology was revived in the 1950s with Simone De Beauvoir's The Second Sex, she depicted women as being defined by their relationship to men and also they was in which domesticity and femininity had been artificially constructed - Second wave feminism focuses on the economic and social rights of women and argues that political and legal rights had not solved the women's question - The publication of Betty Friedman's The Feminine Mystique (1963) relaunched feminist thought. She asked "the problem with no name" - why women were unhappy of being confined to the roles of the housewife and mother Origins and developments, 7 -SECOND WAVE FEMINISM, CONT - feminist ideas became increasingly radical such as with Kate Millet's Sexual Politics (1970) and Germaine Greer's The Female Eunuch (1970), these have focused on the personal, psychological and sexual aspects of female oppression - The goal of second wave feminism was "women's liberation" - Feminism has developed into a distinctive and established ideology whose ideas and value challenge the most basic assumptions of conventional political thought - Feminism has raised consciousness about gender issues in public life in general