CH. 16,18,19,20 Pathophysiology WCU Predicted Questions and Answers 2024

Systolic - Blood pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles. Diastolic - occurs when the ventricles are relaxed; the lowest pressure against the walls of an artery Systolic BP - peak pressure during cardiac systole - Reflects amount of blood (Stroke Vol.) -ejected w/ each beat & compliance of the aorta and large arteries Diastolic BP - lowest pressure attained in arteries during diastole -Reflects closure of the aortic valve, energy stored in the elastic fibers of large arteries & the resistance to flow through arterioles into the capillaries Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - determined by EDV (Preload) & systemic vascular resistance (after load) Factors that influence Mean Arterial Pressure: - 1. blood volume- determined by fluid loss or intake 2. effectiveness as heart as a pump- determined by heart rate and stroke volume 3. Resistance of the system to blood flow- determined by the diameter of arterioles 4. Relative distribution of blood between artenal and venous blood vessels- determined by the diameter of veins Preload/Afterload - PRELOAD affects the amount of blood going into Right ventricle. AFTERLOAD is the systemic resistance after leaving the heart. baroreceptor reflex - The primary reflex pathway for homeostatic control of blood pressure RAA - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone Control of BP by this system. Hypertension - high blood pressure primary hypertension - denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified cause; also called essential hypertension -90-95% of hypertension CAN NOT BE CURED