Summary Eduqas (England) A level biology paper 1: Respiration

topic 16
Respiration
- Stage 1: glycolysis
- Stage 2: link Reaction
- Stage 3: Krebs cycle
- Energy budget
- Alternative pathways
- Stage 4: E T C
- Anerobic respiration

, Definitions
Obligate Aerobes – Aerobic respiration, this means breaking
down substrate using oxygen
Facultative Anaerobes - Aerobic respiration, this means
breaking down substrate using oxygen and without oxygen
(yeast or bacteria)
Obligate Anaerobes - Aerobic respiration, this means breaking
down substrate without oxygen
Types of phosphorylation – oxidative phosphorylation,
substrate level phosphorylation.
Substrate level phosphorylation – When phosphorylation
groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP --> ATP
in glycolysis.
Coenzyme – NAD and FAD
Dehydrogenation – giving up of a hydrogen atom
Decarboxylation – giving up carbon atoms



Stage 1: Glycolysis
Glycolysis happens in the cell cytoplasm
Glycolysis converts glucose (6-carbons) into 2 (3 carbon)
pyruvates needed for the link reaction.
Glycolysis is the same for aerobic and anaerobic
organism because there is no oxygen required.
Glucose is too big to be in the matrix and therefore
glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm.