PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 1 2024 UPDATE

PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 1 2024 UPDATE PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 1 2024 UPDATE Question 1 A patient recently started taking a new medication; he mentions to his doctor at his next appointment that he has noticed his mouth is dry since starting the medication. He also mentions that this is not a problem, and he has managed it by increasing the amount of water he is drinking. What drug effect best describes the dry mouth this patient is experiencing? • Side Effect • Adverse Effect • Toxic Effect • Therapeutic Effect Question 2 Discontinuing drug therapy is always the best course of action whenever a patient experiences a harmful adverse event. • True • False Question 3 The site within a cell that the drug binds to in order to exert its therapeutic effect is known as: • Binding site • Receptor • Cell wall • Agonist Question 4 When a drug binds to a cell exerting its effect leading to a decrease in that cell’s physiologic response that drug is acting as an agonist. • True • False False. An agonist would cause in increase in that cell’s physiologic response. When the drug decreases a cell’s physiologic response it is called an antagonist. Question 5 Match the following terms to the best definition 1. Duration of Action A. Drug concentration is above MEC and below MTC 2. Onset of Action B. Time from administration to first effect 3. Therapeutic Range C. Length of time the drug produces its effect 1. Duration of Action C 2. Onset of Action B 3. Therapeutic Range A Question 6 Drugs either have a trade name or a generic name. • True • False False. Drugs have both a trade name and generic name. Question 7 There can be multiple generic names for the same chemical compound. • True • False False. Chemical compounds have one corresponding generic name, but may be marketed under multiple trade names. Question 8 Select the dosage form that is best described as a flattened tablet that dissolves in the mouth: • Tablet • Capsule • Troche • Suppository Question 9 Tablets that are coated with an acid-resistant substance to prevent dissolution in the stomach are called enteric coated. • True • False Question 10 Suppositories are designed to melt at body temperature. • True • False Question 11 Parenteral administration generally has a slower onset of action than oral. • True • False False. Parenteral administration has an almost immediate onset of action and is faster than oral administration. Question 12 The study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which drugs affect the body describe the term . pharmaceutics Question 13 Pharmacokinetics can also be thought of as what the drug does to the body. • True • False False. Pharmacokinetics can be thought of as what the body does to the drug (including absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination). Pharmacodynamics can be thought of as what the drug does to the body. Question 14 List the four components of the pharmacokinetic phase of drug activity. absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion Question 15 Metabolism is best defined as the amount of drug that is absorbed into the body. • True • False False. Bioavailability is best described as the amount of drug that is absorbed into the body. Metabolism is the biochemical alteration of a drug. Question 16 (1/ 2.5 pt) Name the primary factor that affects how much drug is absorbed into the bloodstream. Route of administration Question 17 What is the name of the dosage form that makes drug acid resistant to prevent dissolution in the stomach? enteric coating Question 18 Parenteral administration is a synonym for intravenous. • True • False Question 19 Medications applied topically have a very consistent and reliable absorption into the bloodstream. • True • False False. Medication applied topically in fact have a very inconsistent ad unreliable absorption and therefore are often used only for their topical effect. Question 20 The term that refers to the transport of drug by the bloodstream to the site of action is called: • Absorption • Distribution • Metabolism • Excretion Question 21 Give an example of an organ that would generally receive a drug first due to having a high blood supply. Acceptable answers: Heart, Liver, Kidney, Brain Question 22 Name the part of the body that is the primary site of drug metabolism . liver Question 23 Which of the following statements regarding drug metabolism is true. • Drugs cannot act as a substrate of an enzyme within the liver. • When a drug acts as an enzyme inhibitor this leads to more drug being metabolized. • When a drug acts as an enzyme inducer this leads to more drug being metabolized. • Liver enzymes are not a cause of many drug interactions. Question 24 The liver is the primary organ responsible for the excretion of drugs from the body. • True • False False. The liver is the primary site of metabolism. The kidney is the organ primarily responsible for excretion. Question 25 How many half-lives does it take for most drugs to be effectively removed from the body? • 3 • 5 • 7 • 9 Question 26 Drug A has a 24-hour half-life; drug B has a 3-hour half-life. Based on this information which drug would take longer to reach steady state? Drug A Question 27 Name one of the three main ways in which drugs can exert their action on the body. Acceptable answers: Acting on receptors, acting on enzymes, and targeting various cell processes. Question 28 Drugs can interact with receptors in different way. Match the following type of drug-receptor interaction with the appropriate description: 1. Agonist A. Drug prevents the binding of other agonists 2. Partial agonist B. Drug binds to the receptor and there is a response 3. Antagonist C. Drug binds to receptor and response is diminished 1. Agonist B. Drug binds to the receptors and there is a response 2. Partial agonist C. Drug binds to receptor and response is diminished 3. Antagonist A. Drug prevents the binding of other agonists Question 29 Drugs can interact with most commonly inhibiting them from catalyzing reactions within cells. • Enzymes • Blood vessels • Metabolites • Receptors Question 30 Generally, as a patient ages they require more of a drug than their younger counterpart. • True • False False. As patients age they are more sensitive to the effects of drugs and it takes them longer to eliminate them from the body, therefore they generally need less drug than their younger counterpart. Question 31 A drug interaction that is synergistic in impact refers to the instance when the combined effect is greater than the sum. • True • False Question 32 Which statement best describes drug interactions involving the cytochrome P450 system? • Competition for enzymes can cause metabolism to increase and drug concentration to increase • Competition for enzymes can cause metabolism to increase and drug concentration to decrease. • Competition for enzymes can cause metabolism to decrease and drug concentration to decrease. Question 33 If one drug is preventing another from reaching the kidney, which pharmacokinetic phase is involved in the drug interactions? • Absorption • Distribution • Metabolism • Excretion Question 34 List the two factors that a drug company must prove in order for the drug to be approved by the FDA. Safety and Efficacy Question 35 Once a drug is approved there is no formal process in place to assess the drug for long-term safety. • True • False False. Post approval of a drug the FDA has a formal post marketing surveillance program in place in order to monitor for the long term safety of the drug. Question 36 Which pregnancy category represents a drug that has not been studied in pregnant women, but when studied in animals have showed no harm? • Category A • Category B • Category C • Category D Question 37 Medication errors are defined as adverse events based on human error that could have been prevented. • True • False Question 38 Nurse practitioners do not have the authority to prescribe medications. • True • False False. Nurse practitioners to have the authority to prescribe medications. Question 39 Select the Drug schedule that describes drugs that have the highest abuse potential yet still have a medically accepted use: • Schedule I • Schedule II • Schedule III • Schedule IV Question 40 Describe the difference between the terms Drug tolerance and Drug dependence: Drug tolerance is when a drug has a decreased effect over time and they need a higher dose in order to obtain the same effect. Drug dependence is both psychological and physical and is when the administration of a drug becomes extremely important to a patient. Question 41 A physician orders 25 mg of a drug to be given twice daily. It is only available in a 50 mg/5 ml syrup. How much of the syrup would you instruct the patient to take? (50 mg / 5 mL) = (25 mg / x mL) 50 (x) = 25 x 5 x = 125 / 50 = 2.5 mL patient should take 2.5 ml of the drug twice daily. 2.5ml twice daily. Question 42 A physician orders 100mg of a drug that is available in 250mg/10ml. How many milliliters is needed for this order? (250 mg / 10 ml) = (100 mg / x ml) 250 (x) = 100 x 10 x = 1000 / 250 = 4 mL 4ml