CNIT 240/344 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass

CNIT 240/344 Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Open System Interconnection (OSI) 7 layers for open interconnection between any two systems regardless of vendor OSI rules layers can only communicate with adjacent layers OSI benefits break network communication into more manageable parts and vendor agnostic OSI layers Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application Physical layer Transmission of bit stream; focus on signaling techniques; does NOT include physical media Data link layer Manages frames for error-free data transfer point-to-point; CRC integrity checking Data link layer sub-layers MAC; LLC Network layer enables internetworking; unique addressing for every node, determines routes; unreliable for error detection and correction; packets(reliable)/datagrams); routable (IP) and routing protocols Transport layer host-to-host integrity of transmission; detect damaged or lost packets; messages/segments Session layer host-to-host interactive sessions; sockets (port + address) Presentation layer managing data presentation; encryption; character conversion Application layer interface between user applications and network's services via APIs; HTTP; SSH What layer has "true adjacency" only physical layer can communicate directly with partner layer Logical adjacency 1:1 correlation between layers between hosts Encapsulation higher level layers get wrapped by header and trailer of lower level layers then gets sent to other host Bandwidth Theortical max Throughput Actual/realistic amount Analog bandwidth Fmax-Fmin What is the bandwidth of a digital signal Infinite Serial one bit at a time; long distances parallel multiple bits at a time; short distances; EMI and degradation Synchronous time based with no gap between data items; timing maintained regardless of presence of data Isochronous times based but has fixed gap between data items Asynchronous Signal based (start/stop bits); sync must be re-established every communication cycle what is an example of Serial & synchronous