COMMUNICATIEKLASSIEKERS – S_CK 2024
Module 1: News Values
Inhoudsopgave
News Values..................................................................................................4
Gatekeeping processes..................................................................................4
NRC – News Values.........................................................................................4
Google – the new Gatekeeper?........................................................................4
Gatekeeping................................................................................................................... 4
Compendium Communication Classics - H1. Introduction..................................5
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 5
Storytelling and story comprehension............................................................................5
Human language............................................................................................................ 5
Compendium Communication Classics – H2. New Media, New uses, New
thoughts........................................................................................................ 7
Media.............................................................................................................................. 7
Script.............................................................................................................................. 7
Political theatre............................................................................................................... 8
Meta-communication...................................................................................................... 9
Roads, coins and postal services..................................................................................11
The printing press......................................................................................................... 11
The telegraph............................................................................................................... 13
The telephone............................................................................................................... 14
Radio............................................................................................................................ 15
The Television............................................................................................................... 16
Telecommunication, internet, algorithms.....................................................................17
Galtung & Ruge: The Structure of Foreign News............................................19
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 19
The theory.................................................................................................................... 20
The Data....................................................................................................................... 24
Discussion..................................................................................................................... 26
Policy Implications........................................................................................................ 27
Harcup & O’Neill: What is News?...................................................................29
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 29
News Values: A Literature Review.................................................................................30
“What Works Best on Facebook?”.................................................................................31
1
, Methodology................................................................................................................. 32
Findings: Newspapers................................................................................................... 33
Findings: Social Media..................................................................................................34
Conclusion.................................................................................................................... 35
Lippmann: Public Opinion.............................................................................37
Chapter 1: Introduction................................................................................................. 37
Chapter 6: Stereotypes.................................................................................................37
Chapter 7: Stereotypes as a Defense............................................................................37
Chapter 23: The Nature of News...................................................................................37
Chapter 24: News, Truth, and a Conclusion..................................................................38
Weblecture 1: News Values...........................................................................40
Compendium ch 1 – 2................................................................................................... 40
Een krantenartikel kop.................................................................................................. 40
Nieuwswaarden/news values........................................................................................40
News values in news..................................................................................................... 40
Human language, semantics, grammar........................................................................40
Script, number system.................................................................................................. 41
Meta-communication.................................................................................................... 41
Logica........................................................................................................................... 41
Meta-communication, Roman.......................................................................................42
Lecture communication and globalization:...................................................................42
Logic whom attack: divide et impera in the Kessel slaughter.......................................43
Martin Luther (1483-1546)............................................................................................ 43
The press...................................................................................................................... 44
Nieuwstijdinghe............................................................................................................ 44
Shares........................................................................................................................... 44
The Telegraph............................................................................................................... 44
The Telephone.............................................................................................................. 45
Radio............................................................................................................................ 45
Television...................................................................................................................... 45
Telecommunications, internet, algorithms....................................................................46
Walter Lippmann (1889 – 1974)....................................................................................46
David Manning White (1917-1993): Mr. Gate................................................................46
Shannon (&Weaver) Information Theory.......................................................................46
Johan Galtung & Mari-Holmboe Ruge (1965): News Values...........................................47
Total news value = sum news values...........................................................................48
Negativity x elite........................................................................................................... 48
Harcup & O’Neill (2017): News Values Revisisted.........................................................49
2
, Politics Economics (“hard”, especially newspapers) vs Social Life (“soft news”,
especially social media)................................................................................................50
Plato’s syllogisme......................................................................................................... 51
What did we learn?....................................................................................................... 51
3
, News Values
= the characteristics that make a story more likely to be important to or valued
by the public
Gatekeeping processes
= references the flow of information as it passes through a gate guarded by
those with the authority to decide what information is permitted to pass through
and what information will be kept out.
NRC – News Values
Scheepsrampen met vluchtelingen op de Middellandse zee komen veel
voor
o Verhalen van overlevende halen zelden de voorpagina’s van kranten
Nooit is belangstelling vergelijkbaar met schip Costa Concordia
o Rijk cruiseschip
o Weinig slachtoffers
Heeft belangstelling niet ook te maken met het inlevingsvermogen in de
slachtoffers en met e nabijheid van de gebeurtenis?
Google – the new Gatekeeper?
https://anjagoller.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/google-the-new-gatekeeper/
Gatekeeping
o This is a highly subjective matter, because it depends on the
journalist itself as well as on the editors.
o Synonymous to limiting the amount of information, which means the
selection of topics considered as communication worthy.
o Contribute to the shaping of society and the worldview of the
recipients.
The Gatekeeping Process depends on the news values: prominence,
timeliness, impact, conflict, proximity and unusual/human interest.
David Manning White
o Transferred the gatekeeper concept to the journalism research (
o Made an input-output analysis with “wire editor” that selects
messages from the news agency.
Search engines are also gatekeepers, made clear due to the facts that
o WWW not fully being captured
o Hierarchal order of the it list on Google
o Only few hit list pages are viewed (even though this is distorted due
to sponsored search results)
Google
o Most powerful of the Internet gatekeepers
Controls 63% of the world´s Internet searches
Owns YouTube
Decides what content stays up or goes down on YT and other
Google owned applications
o On German and French Google you cannot find Holocaust-denial
sites
Because it is illegal in these countries
You can on Google.com
Code of Conduct – Germany
o For search engine providers of the “Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle
Multimedia-Dienstanbieter” (Association of Voluntary Self-Regulating
Multimedia Service Providers).
4
Module 1: News Values
Inhoudsopgave
News Values..................................................................................................4
Gatekeeping processes..................................................................................4
NRC – News Values.........................................................................................4
Google – the new Gatekeeper?........................................................................4
Gatekeeping................................................................................................................... 4
Compendium Communication Classics - H1. Introduction..................................5
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 5
Storytelling and story comprehension............................................................................5
Human language............................................................................................................ 5
Compendium Communication Classics – H2. New Media, New uses, New
thoughts........................................................................................................ 7
Media.............................................................................................................................. 7
Script.............................................................................................................................. 7
Political theatre............................................................................................................... 8
Meta-communication...................................................................................................... 9
Roads, coins and postal services..................................................................................11
The printing press......................................................................................................... 11
The telegraph............................................................................................................... 13
The telephone............................................................................................................... 14
Radio............................................................................................................................ 15
The Television............................................................................................................... 16
Telecommunication, internet, algorithms.....................................................................17
Galtung & Ruge: The Structure of Foreign News............................................19
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 19
The theory.................................................................................................................... 20
The Data....................................................................................................................... 24
Discussion..................................................................................................................... 26
Policy Implications........................................................................................................ 27
Harcup & O’Neill: What is News?...................................................................29
Introduction.................................................................................................................. 29
News Values: A Literature Review.................................................................................30
“What Works Best on Facebook?”.................................................................................31
1
, Methodology................................................................................................................. 32
Findings: Newspapers................................................................................................... 33
Findings: Social Media..................................................................................................34
Conclusion.................................................................................................................... 35
Lippmann: Public Opinion.............................................................................37
Chapter 1: Introduction................................................................................................. 37
Chapter 6: Stereotypes.................................................................................................37
Chapter 7: Stereotypes as a Defense............................................................................37
Chapter 23: The Nature of News...................................................................................37
Chapter 24: News, Truth, and a Conclusion..................................................................38
Weblecture 1: News Values...........................................................................40
Compendium ch 1 – 2................................................................................................... 40
Een krantenartikel kop.................................................................................................. 40
Nieuwswaarden/news values........................................................................................40
News values in news..................................................................................................... 40
Human language, semantics, grammar........................................................................40
Script, number system.................................................................................................. 41
Meta-communication.................................................................................................... 41
Logica........................................................................................................................... 41
Meta-communication, Roman.......................................................................................42
Lecture communication and globalization:...................................................................42
Logic whom attack: divide et impera in the Kessel slaughter.......................................43
Martin Luther (1483-1546)............................................................................................ 43
The press...................................................................................................................... 44
Nieuwstijdinghe............................................................................................................ 44
Shares........................................................................................................................... 44
The Telegraph............................................................................................................... 44
The Telephone.............................................................................................................. 45
Radio............................................................................................................................ 45
Television...................................................................................................................... 45
Telecommunications, internet, algorithms....................................................................46
Walter Lippmann (1889 – 1974)....................................................................................46
David Manning White (1917-1993): Mr. Gate................................................................46
Shannon (&Weaver) Information Theory.......................................................................46
Johan Galtung & Mari-Holmboe Ruge (1965): News Values...........................................47
Total news value = sum news values...........................................................................48
Negativity x elite........................................................................................................... 48
Harcup & O’Neill (2017): News Values Revisisted.........................................................49
2
, Politics Economics (“hard”, especially newspapers) vs Social Life (“soft news”,
especially social media)................................................................................................50
Plato’s syllogisme......................................................................................................... 51
What did we learn?....................................................................................................... 51
3
, News Values
= the characteristics that make a story more likely to be important to or valued
by the public
Gatekeeping processes
= references the flow of information as it passes through a gate guarded by
those with the authority to decide what information is permitted to pass through
and what information will be kept out.
NRC – News Values
Scheepsrampen met vluchtelingen op de Middellandse zee komen veel
voor
o Verhalen van overlevende halen zelden de voorpagina’s van kranten
Nooit is belangstelling vergelijkbaar met schip Costa Concordia
o Rijk cruiseschip
o Weinig slachtoffers
Heeft belangstelling niet ook te maken met het inlevingsvermogen in de
slachtoffers en met e nabijheid van de gebeurtenis?
Google – the new Gatekeeper?
https://anjagoller.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/google-the-new-gatekeeper/
Gatekeeping
o This is a highly subjective matter, because it depends on the
journalist itself as well as on the editors.
o Synonymous to limiting the amount of information, which means the
selection of topics considered as communication worthy.
o Contribute to the shaping of society and the worldview of the
recipients.
The Gatekeeping Process depends on the news values: prominence,
timeliness, impact, conflict, proximity and unusual/human interest.
David Manning White
o Transferred the gatekeeper concept to the journalism research (
o Made an input-output analysis with “wire editor” that selects
messages from the news agency.
Search engines are also gatekeepers, made clear due to the facts that
o WWW not fully being captured
o Hierarchal order of the it list on Google
o Only few hit list pages are viewed (even though this is distorted due
to sponsored search results)
o Most powerful of the Internet gatekeepers
Controls 63% of the world´s Internet searches
Owns YouTube
Decides what content stays up or goes down on YT and other
Google owned applications
o On German and French Google you cannot find Holocaust-denial
sites
Because it is illegal in these countries
You can on Google.com
Code of Conduct – Germany
o For search engine providers of the “Freiwillige Selbstkontrolle
Multimedia-Dienstanbieter” (Association of Voluntary Self-Regulating
Multimedia Service Providers).
4
