NUR 257 Exam 3 - Study Guide – Questions/Answers
What is the problem w/ PDA? ✔️Ans -Patent Ductus Arterioles (artery
connecting aorta and pulmonary artery)
-Increased pulmonary blood flow, blood doesn't get to rest of body well
-Does not close at birth (usually does)
-Wide pulse pressure
What would be the expected goal/outcome if PDA is surgically repaired?
✔️Ans -Clip off ductus preventing return blood flow to lungs
-Increase blood flow to body
-Indocin = medication that promotes closure
What assessment findings would the nurse anticipate finding in an infant
with coarctation of aorta? ✔️Ans -narrowing of aorta
-Increased BP in upper extremities
-Nosebleeds
-Weak or absent lower extremity pulses
-Cool lower extremities
What are the 4 problems in a child with Tetralogy of Fallot? ✔️Ans -
VSD = ventricular septal defects - hole in heart
-Overriding aorta (part opens in RV), aorta in wrong spot
-R ventricular hypertrophy - enlargement of cardiac muscle
-Pulmonic stenosis - narrowing of pulmonary artery
-------Murmur
-------Cyanotic
-------Dyspnea
-------Polycythhemia
What instructions should the nurse provide parents who are having to
administer Digoxin to their child? ✔️Ans - BP and anti-arrhythmic
-Very narrow therapeutic range
-Do not administer if HR below 90 in infants and below 70 in children
-Nurse watches parent measure the elixir in the dropper and stresses the
level mark as the meniscus of the fluid that is observed at eye level
-Signs of dig toxicity: yellow vision, N/V, diarrhea, leads to dehydration
-Same time every day and twice a day
, Purpose of administration of Lasix (Furosemide) to kids w/ CHF ✔️Ans
-Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
-Strict I/O
What are the benefits of supplementally feeding an infant with CHF tube
feedings? ✔️Ans -Small frequent feedings to help decrease oxygenation
consumption
-Monitors intake more strictly
-Control calories to help with growth and development
-Can monitor fluid
-Not having to work for calories
what all is involved in the nursing care of the infant/child with CHF?
✔️Ans -Improve cardiac function/output
Digoxin
-Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
Diuretics
May have sodium and water
restrictions
-Decrease cardiac demands
Limit activity
Maintain body temperature
Position to decrease effort
of breathing
Sedate if irritable
-Improve tissue oxygenation
Provide cool, humidified
oxygen
-Decrease oxygenation consumption
Gavage (tube) feedings
What are some maternal risk factors to the development of congenital
heart defects? ✔️Ans -Chronic health conditions (DM, poorly controlled
PKU)
-Maternal alcohol/illicit drug use
-Teratogenic medications
-Exposure to infections (rubella*)
-Exposure to environmental toxins
What is the problem w/ PDA? ✔️Ans -Patent Ductus Arterioles (artery
connecting aorta and pulmonary artery)
-Increased pulmonary blood flow, blood doesn't get to rest of body well
-Does not close at birth (usually does)
-Wide pulse pressure
What would be the expected goal/outcome if PDA is surgically repaired?
✔️Ans -Clip off ductus preventing return blood flow to lungs
-Increase blood flow to body
-Indocin = medication that promotes closure
What assessment findings would the nurse anticipate finding in an infant
with coarctation of aorta? ✔️Ans -narrowing of aorta
-Increased BP in upper extremities
-Nosebleeds
-Weak or absent lower extremity pulses
-Cool lower extremities
What are the 4 problems in a child with Tetralogy of Fallot? ✔️Ans -
VSD = ventricular septal defects - hole in heart
-Overriding aorta (part opens in RV), aorta in wrong spot
-R ventricular hypertrophy - enlargement of cardiac muscle
-Pulmonic stenosis - narrowing of pulmonary artery
-------Murmur
-------Cyanotic
-------Dyspnea
-------Polycythhemia
What instructions should the nurse provide parents who are having to
administer Digoxin to their child? ✔️Ans - BP and anti-arrhythmic
-Very narrow therapeutic range
-Do not administer if HR below 90 in infants and below 70 in children
-Nurse watches parent measure the elixir in the dropper and stresses the
level mark as the meniscus of the fluid that is observed at eye level
-Signs of dig toxicity: yellow vision, N/V, diarrhea, leads to dehydration
-Same time every day and twice a day
, Purpose of administration of Lasix (Furosemide) to kids w/ CHF ✔️Ans
-Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
-Strict I/O
What are the benefits of supplementally feeding an infant with CHF tube
feedings? ✔️Ans -Small frequent feedings to help decrease oxygenation
consumption
-Monitors intake more strictly
-Control calories to help with growth and development
-Can monitor fluid
-Not having to work for calories
what all is involved in the nursing care of the infant/child with CHF?
✔️Ans -Improve cardiac function/output
Digoxin
-Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
Diuretics
May have sodium and water
restrictions
-Decrease cardiac demands
Limit activity
Maintain body temperature
Position to decrease effort
of breathing
Sedate if irritable
-Improve tissue oxygenation
Provide cool, humidified
oxygen
-Decrease oxygenation consumption
Gavage (tube) feedings
What are some maternal risk factors to the development of congenital
heart defects? ✔️Ans -Chronic health conditions (DM, poorly controlled
PKU)
-Maternal alcohol/illicit drug use
-Teratogenic medications
-Exposure to infections (rubella*)
-Exposure to environmental toxins
