NURS617 CH19-24 EXAM 4 With Complete Solution

NURS617 CH19 -24 EXAM 4 With Complete Solution Ptosis - ANSWER drooping of eyelid d/t injury to CN 3 (oculomotor); weakness of levator muscle miosis vs mydriasis - ANSWER Miosis - constriction (PNS) Mydriasis - dilation (SNS; fight or flight) pupillary light reflex + CN involved - ANSWER -midbrain (pretectum) relaxation/constriction of sphincter and radial muscles to control influx of light -oculomotor (CN 3) entropian vs ectropian - ANSWER entropian: inward turning of eyelashes/lower lid; can cause corneal inflammation ectropian: outward turning of eyelashes; d/t aging or relaxed CN7 (facial); can cause ocular irritation, corneal inflammation, tearing Sjogren's syndrome - ANSWER -destruction of lacrimal and minor salivary glands -often with RA, anti-SSA/SSB rods vs cones - ANSWER i) shape: rod-shaped vs. cone-shaped ii) population: more rods than cones iii) location: rods are in the periphery while cones are more centrally located iv) function: rods are made for scotopic (nighttime) vision while cones are for photopic (daytime) vision v) function: cones distinguish elements of color and sharpen an image macula and fovea - ANSWER -retinal area with most cone photoreceptors -responsible for central vision 3 layers of the eye - ANSWER 1. sclera - outer support; protects optic nerve, maintains shape of eye, elastic/strong 2. vascular/uvea - provides vascular support to retina 3. retina - sensory input for sight, outer pigmented layer hordeolum - ANSWER -sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid -can be internal or external -s/s: pain, swelling, redness -tx: systematic course of abx chalazion - ANSWER -a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland -may follow internal hordeolum -small, nontender nodule on upper or lower lid -can press up on eyeball & distort vision -tx: surgical excision or glucocorticoid injection function of tears - ANSWER -wash out foreign particles -kill bacteria via lysozymes and immunoglobulins -get water and nutrients to cornea and lens -give eye a clear, moist, smooth surface blepharitis + anterior vs posterior - ANSWER -inflammation of the glands and eyelash follicles along the margin of the eyelids -anterior: inflammatory (seborrhea) or infectious (staph e or a); s/s: itching of eyelids, burning, irritation -posterior: usually d/t infection (staph) or dysfunction of meibomian glands (acne rosacea); s/s: frothy, greasy tears; tx: long term, low dose abx, omega 3 fatty acids Allergic Conjunctivitis - ANSWER -Inflammation of the conjunctiva due to a reaction from allergy-causing substances such as pollen or pet dander -IgE mediated -s/s: watery/stringy discharge, itchiness, B/L red/boggy eyes viral vs bacterial conjunctivitis - ANSWER viral: watery discharge; ex: herpes, enterovirus bacterial: thicker, yellow/mucopurulent discharge; lids can be "glued shut" in morning; swelling/redness; ex: gonorrhea, meningitis **HYPERACUTE BACTERIAL: severe, vision threatening; s/s=purulent green / yellow discharge ophthalmia neonatorum - ANSWER -purulent (contains pus) inflammation of the conjunctiva and/or cornea in the newborn