Acute Renal Injury (AKI) or Acute Renal Failure (ARF

LABS: Albumin: 3.5-5 g/dL of total protein. → In AKI, decreased levels could mean severe burns, severe malnutrition, renal disorders. → In AKI, Increased levels could mean dehydration, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea. pH: 7.35 - 7.45 → anything above 7.45 is a base, which in terms means alkalotic (alkalosis) → anything below 7.35 is an acid, which in terms means acidotic (acidosis) PaCo2: 35 - 45 mmHg → represents respiratory level → anything LESS than 35 is a base, which in terms means alkalotic (alkalosis) → anything ABOVE 45 is an acid, which in terms means acidotic (acidosis) → < 35 mmHg = Hypocapnia → > 45 mmhG = Hypercapnia HCO3: 24 - 28 mEq/L → HCO3 represents metabolic → anything above 28 is a base, which in terms means alkalotic (alkalosis) → anything below 24 is an acid, which in terms means acidotic (acidosis) PaO2: 80 - 100 mmHg → pressure of dissolved O2 in blood → < 80 mmHg = Hypoxemia SaO2: 97 - 100% → Hemoglobin saturation Base Excess: -3.0 to + 3.0 → indicator of buffering capacity Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 5-25mg → Decreased BUN: hypervolemia, malnutrition, liver disease, low-protein diet, & dialysis. → Increased BUN: dehydration, prerenal failure, or renal failure